{"id":94,"date":"2025-07-09T15:34:23","date_gmt":"2025-07-09T15:34:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/?p=94"},"modified":"2025-08-14T21:54:28","modified_gmt":"2025-08-14T21:54:28","slug":"chapter-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/chapter-10\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 10"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-the-origins-of-american-political-principles\">The President: Executive Power in a Separation of Powers Regime<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>In this chapter we dealt with our most monarchic branch of national government\u2014the presidency. In this effort, we first examined the historical precedents for the U.S. presidency by looking at the colonial-Crown relationship and the early state governors of the revolutionary era. These were basically viewed as models not to follow, and so the men who gathered at the Constitutional Convention created a chief executive all their own. In general, a strong model version of the presidency was crafted after the deliberative efforts of people like James Wilson.&nbsp; The Convention produced compromises like the Electoral College as a device for indirect but legislatively independent selection of the president.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The historical development of the presidency, in particular juxtaposed with its policy making partner\/rival the Congress, has seen a steady if slow rise of executive power, largely through the interpretation of inherent powers as well as those deriving from its constitutional prerogatives, especially in wartime. As the presidency has grown in governmental stature and responsibilities, the Cabinet has both expanded in size but lost power to the centralizing tendencies of the White House Staff created along with the Executive Office of the President (EOP) during Franklin Delano Roosevelt\u2019s administration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The twentieth century, in particular the administrations of the two Roosevelts and Wilson, created the modern presidency where the president is the chief executive, chief legislator, chief trade negotiator, chief diplomat, chief of party, nation, and perhaps most of all, the commander-in-chief. Executive management styles have varied over time, with Republican presidents following a more hierarchical style relative to Democratic presidents. However, the presidency is and will remain the most visible office of our national government both at home and abroad, especially in the uncertain world presented to us by the War on Terror and the war between Ukraine and Russia.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-quizzes\" style=\"border-bottom-color:#333333;border-bottom-width:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:0;line-height:1\">Quizzes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-7db9d80f wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-width:2px;background-color:#c1ccd61a;padding-right:0;padding-left:0;line-height:1\"><script>\n                            if (window.qmn_quiz_data === undefined) {\n                                    window.qmn_quiz_data = new Object();\n                            }\n                    <\/script><script>window.qmn_quiz_data[\"12\"] = {\"quiz_id\":\"12\",\"quiz_name\":\"Chapter 10\",\"disable_answer\":0,\"ajax_show_correct\":0,\"progress_bar\":\"0\",\"contact_info_location\":0,\"qpages\":{\"1\":{\"id\":\"1\",\"quizID\":\"12\",\"pagekey\":\"OmM8ybYk\",\"hide_prevbtn\":\"0\"}},\"skip_validation_time_expire\":0,\"timer_limit_val\":0,\"disable_scroll_next_previous_click\":0,\"disable_scroll_on_result\":0,\"disable_first_page\":0,\"enable_result_after_timer_end\":0,\"enable_quick_result_mc\":0,\"end_quiz_if_wrong\":0,\"form_disable_autofill\":0,\"disable_mathjax\":0,\"enable_quick_correct_answer_info\":\"0\",\"quick_result_correct_answer_text\":\"Correct! 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laws.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:129:\\\"The President is the head of the executive branch with its attendant bureaucracy in order to make this country\\u2019s national laws.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:134:\\\"The President is the head of the executive branch with its attendant bureaucracy in order to interpret this country\\u2019s national laws.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 7\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":null,\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"The President shares control over the executive branch with the Congress.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"The President is the head of the executive branch with its attendant bureaucracy in order to enforce this country\\u2019s national laws.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"The President is the head of the executive branch with its attendant bureaucracy in order to make this country\\u2019s national laws.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"The President is the head of the executive branch with its attendant bureaucracy in order to interpret this country\\u2019s national laws.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"118\":{\"question_id\":\"118\",\"quiz_id\":\"12\",\"question_name\":\"Define the Cabinet as it relates to the presidency.\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:151:\\\"The secretaries of the 15 executive departments and other officials who head those departments and consult with the President when called upon to do so\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:146:\\\"The secretaries of the 20 executive departments and other official who head those departments and consult with President when called upon to do so\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:60:\\\"Another name for the Executive Office of the President (EOP)\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:110:\\\"The department heads in the congressional bureaucracy who consult with the President when called upon to do so\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 8\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":null,\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"The secretaries of the 15 executive departments and other officials who head those departments and consult with the President when called upon to do so\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"The secretaries of the 20 executive departments and other official who head those departments and consult with President when called upon to do so\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Another name for the Executive Office of the President (EOP)\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"The department heads in the congressional bureaucracy who consult with the President when called upon to do so\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"119\":{\"question_id\":\"119\",\"quiz_id\":\"12\",\"question_name\":\"Why is the legislative clearance function so important within the OMB?\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:80:\\\"It ensures that legislative priorities are attended to by bureaucratic agencies.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:109:\\\"It ensures that the legislative requests by executive branch agencies comport with the President\\u2019s program.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:119:\\\"It ensures that the executive requests to the legislature are given their due hearing in committees and sub-committees.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:66:\\\"The legislative clearance function is done by the CBO not the OMB.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 9\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":null,\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"It ensures that legislative priorities are attended to by bureaucratic agencies.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"It ensures that the legislative requests by executive branch agencies comport with the President\\u2019s program.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"It ensures that the executive requests to the legislature are given their due hearing in committees and sub-committees.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"The legislative clearance function is done by the CBO not the OMB.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"120\":{\"question_id\":\"120\",\"quiz_id\":\"12\",\"question_name\":\"The 25th Amendment provides for the\\u2026  \",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:58:\\\"limitation to two terms for a President elected to office \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:81:\\\"right of citizens to vote in any election for President without paying a poll tax\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:79:\\\"conditions and procedures necessary to remove of an unfit President from office\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:77:\\\"right of those 18 years of age or older to vote in any election for President\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:11:\\\"Question 10\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":null,\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"limitation to two terms for a President elected to office \",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"right of citizens to vote in any election for President without paying a poll tax\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"conditions and procedures necessary to remove of an unfit President from office\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"right of those 18 years of age or older to vote in any election for President\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]}},\"first_page\":false,\"questions_settings\":[]}\n                    <\/script>\t\t<div class='qsm-quiz-container qsm-quiz-container-12 qmn_quiz_container mlw_qmn_quiz qsm_auto_pagination_enabled quiz_theme_default  '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form name=\"quizForm12\" id=\"quizForm12\" action=\"\/americangovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94\" method=\"POST\" class=\"qsm-quiz-form qmn_quiz_form mlw_quiz_form\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" id=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" value=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_nonce\" id=\"qsm_nonce_12\" value=\"c582ad1071\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_unique_key\" id=\"qsm_unique_key_12\" value=\"69fc92526b96e\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"mlw_top_of_quiz\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-1\" data-apid=\"1\" data-qpid=\"1\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-111 slide0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 1 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Which of these statements accurately describes the Constitution\u2019s allocation of national security policymaking authority? <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question111-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question111\" id=\"question111_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question111_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt concentrates that authority exclusively in the hands of the presidency.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question111-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question111\" id=\"question111_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question111_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt divides that power by making the Congress the commander-in-chief and giving the President the power to declare war.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question111-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question111\" id=\"question111_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question111_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt divides that power by making the President the commander-in-chief and giving Congress the power to declare war.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question111-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question111\" id=\"question111_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question111_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe Constitution does not mention national security policymaking authority.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question111_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question111\" id=\"question111_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_111\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-2\" data-apid=\"2\" data-qpid=\"2\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-112 slide1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 2 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Which of the following are two gubernatorial precedents that influenced the American Founders\u2019 notions of executive power as they convened at the Constitutional Convention?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question112-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question112\" id=\"question112_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question112_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tCrown governors and state governors\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question112-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question112\" id=\"question112_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question112_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe King of England and the King of France\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question112-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question112\" id=\"question112_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question112_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tColonial governors and local mayors\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question112-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question112\" id=\"question112_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question112_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNone of these\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question112_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question112\" id=\"question112_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_112\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-3\" data-apid=\"3\" data-qpid=\"3\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-113 slide2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 3 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>How was the Electoral College chosen as a means of presidential election?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question113-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question113\" id=\"question113_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question113_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThrough decisive action\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question113-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question113\" id=\"question113_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question113_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThrough intense deliberation\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question113-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question113\" id=\"question113_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question113_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThrough compromise\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question113-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question113\" id=\"question113_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question113_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt was chosen on a whim.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question113_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question113\" id=\"question113_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_113\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-4\" data-apid=\"4\" data-qpid=\"4\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-114 slide3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 4 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>What is the appointment power?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question114-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question114\" id=\"question114_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question114_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe power of the President to appoint senior government officials\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question114-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question114\" id=\"question114_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question114_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe power of the President to appoint members of the federal judiciary alone\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question114-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question114\" id=\"question114_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question114_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe power of the President to confirm senatorial appointments to the federal bureaucracy\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question114-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question114\" id=\"question114_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question114_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe power of the House to confirm presidential appointments to the federal bureaucracy and judiciary\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question114_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question114\" id=\"question114_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_114\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-5\" data-apid=\"5\" data-qpid=\"5\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-115 slide4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 5 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>What is impeachment?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question115-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question115\" id=\"question115_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question115_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe initial process of removing congressmen from their respective chambers for misconduct\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question115-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question115\" id=\"question115_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question115_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe initial process of removing any national government official from office\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question115-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question115\" id=\"question115_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question115_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe initial process of removing Presidents alone from office\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question115-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question115\" id=\"question115_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question115_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe initial process of removing executive branch officials alone from office\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question115_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question115\" id=\"question115_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_115\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-6\" data-apid=\"6\" data-qpid=\"6\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-116 slide5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 6 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The concept of \u201cinherent powers\u201d is defined as<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question116-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question116\" id=\"question116_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question116_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tpowers held by all sovereign nations allowing executives to take actions required to defend the nation and protect its interests\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question116-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question116\" id=\"question116_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question116_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tpowers held by all sovereign nations allowing the legislative branch to take actions required to ensure steady commerce and domestic order\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question116-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question116\" id=\"question116_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question116_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tpowers held by all sovereign nations allowing the judicial branch to take actions required to ensure a constitutional balance of prerogatives among the various branches of the national government\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question116-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question116\" id=\"question116_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question116_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tpowers moving away from sovereign nations to the international system as a result of the processes of globalization\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question116_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question116\" id=\"question116_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_116\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-7\" data-apid=\"7\" data-qpid=\"7\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-117 slide6 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 7 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>What does the role of Chief Executive mean?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question117-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question117\" id=\"question117_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question117_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe President shares control over the executive branch with the Congress.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question117-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question117\" id=\"question117_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question117_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe President is the head of the executive branch with its attendant bureaucracy in order to enforce this country\u2019s national laws.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question117-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question117\" id=\"question117_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question117_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe President is the head of the executive branch with its attendant bureaucracy in order to make this country\u2019s national laws.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question117-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question117\" id=\"question117_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question117_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe President is the head of the executive branch with its attendant bureaucracy in order to interpret this country\u2019s national laws.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question117_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question117\" id=\"question117_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_117\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-8\" data-apid=\"8\" data-qpid=\"8\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-118 slide7 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 8 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Define the Cabinet as it relates to the presidency.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question118-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question118\" id=\"question118_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question118_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe secretaries of the 15 executive departments and other officials who head those departments and consult with the President when called upon to do so\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question118-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question118\" id=\"question118_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question118_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe secretaries of the 20 executive departments and other official who head those departments and consult with President when called upon to do so\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question118-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question118\" id=\"question118_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question118_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAnother name for the Executive Office of the President (EOP)\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question118-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question118\" id=\"question118_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question118_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe department heads in the congressional bureaucracy who consult with the President when called upon to do so\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question118_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question118\" id=\"question118_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_118\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-9\" data-apid=\"9\" data-qpid=\"9\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-119 slide8 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 9 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Why is the legislative clearance function so important within the OMB?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question119-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question119\" id=\"question119_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question119_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt ensures that legislative priorities are attended to by bureaucratic agencies.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question119-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question119\" id=\"question119_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question119_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt ensures that the legislative requests by executive branch agencies comport with the President\u2019s program.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question119-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question119\" id=\"question119_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question119_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt ensures that the executive requests to the legislature are given their due hearing in committees and sub-committees.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question119-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question119\" id=\"question119_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question119_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe legislative clearance function is done by the CBO not the OMB.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question119_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question119\" id=\"question119_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_119\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-10\" data-apid=\"10\" data-qpid=\"10\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-120 slide9 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 10 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The 25th Amendment provides for the\u2026  <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question120-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question120\" id=\"question120_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question120_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tlimitation to two terms for a President elected to office\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question120-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question120\" id=\"question120_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question120_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tright of citizens to vote in any election for President without paying a poll tax\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question120-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question120\" id=\"question120_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question120_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tconditions and procedures necessary to remove of an unfit President from office\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question120-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question120\" id=\"question120_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question120_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tright of those 18 years of age or older to vote in any election for President\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question120_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question120\" id=\"question120_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_120\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_question_list\" value=\"111Q112Q113Q114Q115Q116Q117Q118Q119Q120Q\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row quiz_section quiz_end empty_quiz_end qsm-d-none\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message_bottom\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" id=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"total_questions\" id=\"total_questions\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer\" id=\"timer\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer_ms\" id=\"timer_ms\" value=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"qmn_quiz_id\" name=\"qmn_quiz_id\" id=\"qmn_quiz_id\" value=\"12\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type='hidden' name='complete_quiz' value='confirmation' \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"qsm-popup qsm-popup-slide\" id=\"modal-4\" aria-hidden=\"false\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__overlay\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-micromodal-close=\"\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__container qmn_quiz_container\" role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__content\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-master-next\/assets\/clock.png\" alt=\"clock.png\"\/><p class=\"qsm-time-up-text\"> Time&#8217;s up<\/p><\/div><footer class=\"qsm-popup__footer\"><button class=\"qsm-popup-secondary-button qmn_btn\" data-micromodal-close=\"\" aria-label=\"Close this dialog window\" onclick=\"location.reload();\">Cancel<\/button><\/footer><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-critical-thinking-exercises\" style=\"border-bottom-color:#333333;border-bottom-width:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:0;line-height:1\">Critical Thinking Exercises<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-presidential-power\" style=\"line-height:1\"><strong>Presidential Power<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:0\">Modern presidents find themselves in a demanding role that requires them to administer the bureaucracy, represent American interests abroad, and at times serve as a policy advocate. One of the president\u2019s more important powers is the ability to set the agenda for national conversations. President John F. Kennedy\u2019s use of his agenda setting power eventually led to creation of surgeon general\u2019s warnings on cigarettes; President George W. Bush used his agenda setting power to focus attention on national educational reform; President Barack Obama used his agenda to enact a landmark national health insurance program; President Donald Trump worked with Congress to pass a major tax reduction package; and President Joe Biden used his agenda to expand Obamacare by including it as part of the economic stimulus response to the Covid pandemic.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Throughout the twentieth century and into the twenty-first century, the tools of public communication at a president\u2019s disposal have changed from radio addresses to televised press conferences to internet websites and to Twitter. Visit the White House website (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/\">http:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/<\/a>) for the official website for the office of the president and familiarize yourself with the issues the president presents there. Are many of these issues now part of the national conversation? Has Twitter become as influential a tool for presidential agenda setting as televised press conferences? &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-useful-links\" style=\"border-bottom-color:#333333;border-bottom-width:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:0;line-height:1\">Useful Links<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-links-to-further-content-exploring-the-themes-covered-in-this-chapter\" style=\"line-height:1\">Links to further content exploring the themes covered in this chapter<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-the-white-house-website\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:0\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/\">The White House Website<\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>The official website for the White House contains links for various executive branch departments, agencies, bureaus, etc., as well as policy agendas, accomplishments, and personal information regarding the First Family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-presidential-biographies\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehousehistory.org\/collections\/president-biographies\">Presidential Biographies<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This website provides short bios of all 45 (counted as 46) presidents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-presidential-libraries\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ibiblio.org\/lia\/president\/\">Presidential Libraries<\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This site provides links to all of the presidential libraries (covering all former presidents from Hoover to Clinton).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-donald-trump-presidential-library\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.trumplibrary.gov\/\">Donald Trump Presidential Library<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the temporary website for the Donald J. Trump Presidential Library.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-joe-biden-presidential-library\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bidenlibrary.gov\/\">Joe Biden Presidential Library<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the temporary website for the Joseph R. Biden Presidential Library.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-barack-obama-presidential-library\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.obamalibrary.gov\/\">Barack Obama Presidential Library<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the official website for the Barack Obama Presidential Library will be located in Chicago, Illinois.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-george-w-bush-presidential-library\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.georgewbushlibrary.gov\/\">George W. Bush Presidential Library<\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the official website for the George W. Bush Presidential Library where his administration\u2019s activities will be stored for posterity and eventually analysis by future generations. The library will be located on the campus of Southern Methodist University in Dallas, TX.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-bill-clinton-presidential-library\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.clintonlibrary.gov\/\">Bill Clinton Presidential Library<\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This is President Clinton\u2019s official website for his presidential library where his administration\u2019s papers are kept for posterity and future analysis. It is located in Little Rock, AR, and has extensive archives including text-based as well as video\/audio based.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-george-h-w-bush-presidential-library\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bush41.org\/\">George H.W. Bush Presidential Library<\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the official site of the George H.W. Bush Library at Texas A&amp;M University in College Station, TX, where his administration\u2019s activities are stored for posterity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-ronald-reagan-presidential-library\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.reaganfoundation.org\/\">Ronald Reagan Presidential Library<\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the official website for the Reagan Presidential Library and Foundation in Sima Valley, CA. The website has numerous video\/audio sources containing Reagan\u2019s major speeches during his political career, including his presidency. There is also an access point to purchase the president\u2019s movies from his acting days and a number of video clips from the Reagan Foundation\u2019s speaker series covering public policy topics. Actor Gary Sinise leads a virtual tour of the Reagan Museum and Reagan\u2019s presidential diary can be accessed from this site.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-jimmy-carter-presidential-library\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov\/\">Jimmy Carter Presidential Library<\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the official website for the Carter Presidential Library located in Atlanta, Georgia. It contains a virtual tour of the Carter Museum and a number of reference sources for teachers and students.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-gerald-r-ford-presidential-library\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov\/\">Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the official website for the Ford Presidential Library located on the north campus of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. The library houses archival materials on the life, career, and presidency of Gerald R. Ford, the 38th President of the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-richard-nixon-presidential-library\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nixonlibrary.gov\/\">Richard Nixon Presidential Library<\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the website for the Nixon Presidential Library and Foundation in Yorba Linda, CA. It contains a number of videos detailing the myriad events in foreign and domestic affairs that encompassed the Nixon administration. There are a number of video clips with excerpts of Nixon\u2019s major speeches during his political career, most of the content emanates specifically from his presidency though.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-lyndon-b-johnson-presidential-library\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lbjlibrary.org\/\">Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library<\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the official site of the Lyndon Johnson Presidential Library located in Austin, Texas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-john-f-kennedy-presidential-library\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jfklibrary.org\/\">John F. Kennedy Presidential Library<\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the official site for the Kennedy Presidential Library in Boston, Massachusetts. This site opens with a riveting audio address by President Kennedy accompanied by graphics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-dwight-d-eisenhower-presidential-library\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eisenhowerlibrary.gov\/eisenhowers\/eisenhower-brothers\">Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the official website for the Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library, located in Eisenhower&#8217;s hometown of Abilene, Kansas. Visitors can explore the extraordinary life and legacy of the only 5-star General who became President of the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-harry-s-truman\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.trumanlibrary.gov\/\">Harry S. Truman<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Located in Independence, Missouri, the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum preserves and provides access to President Truman\u2019s historical materials.&nbsp; Through engaging exhibits and programs, the Library aspires to reach a broad and diverse audience in a continuous effort to keep President Truman\u2019s life and legacy alive, emphasizing his ideals of citizenship, learning, and service.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-franklin-delano-roosevelt-presidential-library\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu\/\">Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library<\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the official website for the FDR Presidential Library in Hyde Park, NY. It contains digitized collections of the FDR presidencies documents including speeches, schedules, films, reports, etc., and all can be accessed and researched.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-herbert-hoover-presidential-library\"><a href=\"http:\/\/hoover.archives.gov\/\">Herbert Hoover Presidential Library<\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the official website for the Hoover Presidential Library in West Branch, IA. It contains the documents of the Hoover administration as well as various memorabilia. It has a video tour hosted by Hoover\u2019s granddaughter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-american-presidency-project\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.presidency.ucsb.edu\/index.php\">American Presidency Project<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>The American Presidency Project (APP) is a non-profit and non-partisan source of presidential documents on the internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-potus-president-of-the-united-states\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.potus.com\/\">POTUS: President of the United States<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This site provides election results and information on past presidents and candidates for the presidency. Audio and visual materials, speeches, and transcripts are also accessible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-center-for-the-study-of-the-presidency-congress\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thepresidency.org\/\">Center for the Study of the Presidency &amp; Congress<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>The Center for the Study of the Presidency &amp; Congress (CSPC) is a non-partisan, non-profit organization founded in 1965. The site provides a plethora of information on past successes and failures of the Presidency and the ramifications for the future. Presidential leadership and institutional aspects are presented as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-cspan-american-presidents-life-portraits\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/search\/?keywords=American+Presidents+Life+Portraits\">CSPAN American Presidents Life Portraits<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This site is held by CSPAN and contains clips from its series on the \u201cAmerican Presidents Life Portraits,\u201d that provides biographical videos of all American presidents from Washington to Clinton. The videos are good starting points for introductions to the pasts of our chief executives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-american-experience-the-presidents\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/americanexperience\/collections\/presidents\/\">American Experience: The Presidents <\/a>&nbsp;<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This PBS program contains films covering the modern presidency from FDR to George H.W. Bush. It details their administration\u2019s interactions with the major issues, events, and personalities of their respective times in office.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-miller-center-for-the-american-president\"><a href=\"http:\/\/millercenter.org\/academic\/americanpresident\">Miller Center for the American President<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the site for the University of Virginia\u2019s Miller Center for the American President containing scholarly essays on each of our presidents, as well as a photo gallery, and access to the Scripps Library of Presidential speeches. These speeches exist in textual and for later presidents in audio and video formats. This site is an excellent resource for research, classroom presentation, and general information.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6c531013 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex wp-container-1 is-position-sticky\"><div class=\"wp-block-aioseo-table-of-contents\"><ul><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-quizzes\">Quizzes<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-critical-thinking-exercises\">Critical Thinking Exercises<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-useful-links\">Useful Links<\/a><ul><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The President: Executive Power in a Separation of Powers Regime In this chapter we dealt with our most monarchic branch of national government\u2014the presidency. In this effort, we first examined the historical precedents for the U.S. presidency by looking at the colonial-Crown relationship and the early state governors of the revolutionary era. These were basically&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":405,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94\/revisions\/405"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}