{"id":515,"date":"2025-08-21T08:44:32","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T08:44:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/englishlegalsystem\/?post_type=content&#038;p=515"},"modified":"2025-08-21T08:44:32","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T08:44:32","slug":"chapter-16","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/englishlegalsystem\/flashcards\/chapter-16\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 16"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\" id=\"swiper-block_7aabaa412eac5efb8f7e8a8a52bd952e\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Law Society\" data-back=\"The governing body for the solicitors&#8217; branch of the legal profession.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Law Society<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7aabaa412eac5efb8f7e8a8a52bd952e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The governing body for the solicitors&#8217; branch of the legal profession.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Legal executive\" data-back=\"A member or fellow of the Institute of Legal Executives (ILEX). Some legal executives carry out similar work to solicitors and have some equivalent rights. This is a branch of the legal profession that can be joined upon leaving school rather than following a degree, and qualifications are gained whilst employed.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Legal executive<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7aabaa412eac5efb8f7e8a8a52bd952e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A member or fellow of the Institute of Legal Executives (ILEX). Some legal executives carry out similar work to solicitors and have some equivalent rights. This is a branch of the legal profession that can be joined upon leaving school rather than following a degree, and qualifications are gained whilst employed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Legal Practice Course (LPC)\" data-back=\"A post-graduate vocational course to train law students, or those students who have converted to law via the Common Professional Examination\/Graduate Diploma in Law, to become solicitors. Following the LPC, students must complete a training contract in order to practice as a solicitor.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Legal Practice Course (LPC)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7aabaa412eac5efb8f7e8a8a52bd952e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A post-graduate vocational course to train law students, or those students who have converted to law via the Common Professional Examination\/Graduate Diploma in Law, to become solicitors. Following the LPC, students must complete a training contract in order to practice as a solicitor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Paralegals\" data-back=\"General term for those working in a clerical and support capacity in a legal firm. Many students, after completing their Legal Practice or Bar Vocational Courses will work as a paralegal, before finding a training contract or pupillage.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Paralegals<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7aabaa412eac5efb8f7e8a8a52bd952e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>General term for those working in a clerical and support capacity in a legal firm. Many students, after completing their Legal Practice or Bar Vocational Courses will work as a paralegal, before finding a training contract or pupillage.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Pupillage\" data-back=\"The year long period when trainee barristers, referred to as pupils, work with an experienced barrister. This training takes place prior to qualification as a barrister.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Pupillage<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7aabaa412eac5efb8f7e8a8a52bd952e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The year long period when trainee barristers, referred to as pupils, work with an experienced barrister. This training takes place prior to qualification as a barrister.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"King&#8217;s Counsel (KC)\" data-back=\"An experienced barrister who is deemed to have excelled in advocacy. KCs are appointed by the King&#8217;s Counsel Selection Panel. Also referred to as a \u2018silk\u2019.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>King&#8217;s Counsel (KC)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7aabaa412eac5efb8f7e8a8a52bd952e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An experienced barrister who is deemed to have excelled in advocacy. KCs are appointed by the King&#8217;s Counsel Selection Panel. Also referred to as a \u2018silk\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Rights of audience\" data-back=\"The right of an advocate to appear before a court and address it. On qualification, barristers have rights of audience in all courts. Solicitors, however, must undertake further training if they wish to appear in the higher courts.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Rights of audience<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7aabaa412eac5efb8f7e8a8a52bd952e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The right of an advocate to appear before a court and address it. On qualification, barristers have rights of audience in all courts. Solicitors, however, must undertake further training if they wish to appear in the higher courts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Solicitor\" data-back=\"One of the two branches of the legal profession in England and Wales; the other being a barrister. Traditionally, solicitors engaged less in oral advocacy in the courts. However, solicitors may now undertake additional training in order to gain full rights of audience in court. Solicitors are governed by the Law Society.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Solicitor<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7aabaa412eac5efb8f7e8a8a52bd952e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>One of the two branches of the legal profession in England and Wales; the other being a barrister. Traditionally, solicitors engaged less in oral advocacy in the courts. However, solicitors may now undertake additional training in order to gain full rights of audience in court. Solicitors are governed by the Law Society.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Solicitor-advocate\" data-back=\"A solicitor who has undertaken additional training in order to gain full rights of audience in court.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Solicitor-advocate<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7aabaa412eac5efb8f7e8a8a52bd952e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A solicitor who has undertaken additional training in order to gain full rights of audience in court.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Training contract\" data-back=\"A contract with (usually) a firm of solicitors which agrees to provide on the job training to a student wanting to be a solicitor. It is taken up after completion of both the academic and vocational stages of training. The training contract usually lasts for two years and, if completed satisfactorily, entitles the student to practice as a qualified solicitor.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Training contract<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7aabaa412eac5efb8f7e8a8a52bd952e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A contract with (usually) a firm of solicitors which agrees to provide on the job training to a student wanting to be a solicitor. It is taken up after completion of both the academic and vocational stages of training. The training contract usually lasts for two years and, if completed satisfactorily, entitles the student to practice as a qualified solicitor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7aabaa412eac5efb8f7e8a8a52bd952e\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div>\n        <div id=\"flip-announcement-block_7aabaa412eac5efb8f7e8a8a52bd952e\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n      \n      <a class=\"swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev-block_7aabaa412eac5efb8f7e8a8a52bd952e\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"28.067,1 8,21.068 27.569,40.637 32.502,35.704 17.864,21.068 33,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      <div class=\"swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-block_7aabaa412eac5efb8f7e8a8a52bd952e\"><\/div>\n      <a class=\"swiper-button-next swiper-button-next-block_7aabaa412eac5efb8f7e8a8a52bd952e\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"13.933,1 34,21.068 14.431,40.637 9.498,35.704 24.136,21.068 9,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      \n    <div>\n<\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"announcement-block_7aabaa412eac5efb8f7e8a8a52bd952e\" class=\"visually-hidden\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n(function() {\n    \/\/ Use the unique block ID to target this specific instance\n    var blockId = 'swiper-block_7aabaa412eac5efb8f7e8a8a52bd952e';\n    var swiperElement = document.getElementById(blockId);\n    \n    if (!swiperElement) return;\n\n    var swiper = new Swiper('#' + blockId, {\n        pagination: {\n            el: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-pagination',\n            type: \"fraction\",\n        },\n        navigation: {\n            nextEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-next',\n            prevEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-prev',\n        },\n    });\n\n    const flipCards = swiperElement.querySelectorAll('.flip-card');\n    const announcement = document.getElementById('announcement-block_7aabaa412eac5efb8f7e8a8a52bd952e');\n\n    flipCards.forEach(flipCard => {\n        flipCard.addEventListener('click', () => {\n            flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n            const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n            \n            if (isFlipped) {\n                announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n            } else {\n                announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('keydown', event => {\n            if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' ') {\n                event.preventDefault();\n                flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n                const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n                const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n                const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n                \n                if (isFlipped) {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n                } else {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n                }\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('focus', () => {\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            announcement.textContent = `Card: ${frontContent}. 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