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Chapter 4 – Pronouns

The first part of the chapter addresses the use of pronouns, as subject (je/tu/il/elle etc.), direct object (me/te/le/la/les etc.), indirect object (me/te/lui/leur etc.) and “stressed” (moi/toi/lui etc.), as well as the use of y and en. Five different types of pronouns are examined in the remainder of the chapter: reflexive, personal, demonstrative, possessive and indefinite pronouns.

The first sections describe important aspects of pronouns, such as the agreement of subject pronouns with the verb, the use of on, subject-verb inversion, the position of object pronouns within the sentence and agreement of the past participle with the direct object. In the first of the remaining sections, the use of reflexive pronouns in pronominal verbs is examined, stressing their reciprocal and passive meanings. There follow two sections about (1) the order of pronouns, including a chart to clarify this complex area, with an explanation of their use after the imperative and (2) the co-ordination of pronouns. The final three sections cover the forms and uses of demonstrative, possessive and indefinite pronouns. The last part of the chapter contains an updated passage with multiple uses of pronouns, together with an analysis of these pronouns. At the end of the chapter there are five exercises for grammar practice.

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

Exercise 5

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