{"id":82,"date":"2025-01-15T14:34:21","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T14:34:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/genecontrol\/?post_type=content&#038;p=82"},"modified":"2025-02-12T08:25:00","modified_gmt":"2025-02-12T08:25:00","slug":"chapter-6-transcription-in-eukaryotes","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/genecontrol\/student-resources\/chapter-6-transcription-in-eukaryotes\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 6: Transcription in Eukaryotes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>As discussed in Chapter 1 (Section 1.5), a variety of evidence demonstrates that gene regulation primarily operates at the level of transcription, determining which genes will be transcribed into RNA in specific tissues or in response to specific stimuli. In eukaryotes, such transcriptional control operates in part at the level of chromatin structure so that the DNA that is to be transcribed moves to a more open chromatin structure allowing access to regulatory molecules (see Chapters 4 and 5).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator alignwide has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:70%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-multiple-choice-questions\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">Multiple-choice questions<\/h2>\n\n\n<script>\n                            if (window.qmn_quiz_data === undefined) {\n                                    window.qmn_quiz_data = new Object();\n                            }\n                    <\/script><script>window.qmn_quiz_data[\"6\"] = {\"quiz_id\":\"6\",\"quiz_name\":\"chapter6\",\"disable_answer\":0,\"ajax_show_correct\":0,\"progress_bar\":\"0\",\"contact_info_location\":0,\"qpages\":{\"1\":{\"id\":\"1\",\"quizID\":\"6\",\"pagekey\":\"VPj5rfd6\",\"hide_prevbtn\":\"0\"}},\"skip_validation_time_expire\":0,\"timer_limit_val\":0,\"disable_scroll_next_previous_click\":0,\"disable_scroll_on_result\":0,\"disable_first_page\":0,\"enable_result_after_timer_end\":0,\"enable_quick_result_mc\":0,\"end_quiz_if_wrong\":0,\"form_disable_autofill\":0,\"disable_mathjax\":0,\"enable_quick_correct_answer_info\":\"0\",\"quick_result_correct_answer_text\":\"Correct! You have selected correct answer.\",\"quick_result_wrong_answer_text\":\"Wrong! You have selected wrong answer.\",\"quiz_processing_message\":\"\",\"quiz_limit_choice\":\"Limit of choice is reached.\",\"not_allow_after_expired_time\":0,\"scheduled_time_end\":false,\"prevent_reload\":0,\"limit_email_based_submission\":0,\"total_user_tries\":0,\"is_logged_in\":false,\"pagination\":{\"amount\":1,\"section_comments\":\"\",\"total_questions\":10,\"previous_text\":\"Previous\",\"next_text\":\"Next\",\"start_quiz_survey_text\":\"Start Quiz\",\"submit_quiz_text\":\"Submit\"},\"error_messages\":{\"email_error_text\":\"Not a valid e-mail address!\",\"number_error_text\":\"This field must be a number!\",\"incorrect_error_text\":\"The entered text is not correct!\",\"empty_error_text\":\"Please complete all required fields!\",\"contact_field_required_error_text\":\"Please complete all required fields!\",\"url_error_text\":\"The entered URL is not valid!\",\"minlength_error_text\":\"Required atleast %minlength% characters.\",\"maxlength_error_text\":\"Maximum %maxlength% characters allowed.\",\"recaptcha_error_text\":\"ReCaptcha is missing\",\"phone_error_text\":\"Phone number is invalid\"},\"question_list\":{\"75\":{\"question_id\":\"75\",\"quiz_id\":\"6\",\"question_name\":\"Regarding transcriptional regulatory processes that contribute to tissue-specific variation in specific mRNAs and proteins, which of the following is false?\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:139:\\\"Alternative splicing allows for the generation of multiple mRNA isoforms from a single gene, resulting in tissue-specific protein variants.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:168:\\\"DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification, selectively activates gene expression in specific tissues, leading to tissue-specific variation in mRNA and protein levels.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:215:\\\"Transcription factors interact with enhancer regions in a tissue-specific manner, modulating the transcriptional activity of target genes and contributing to tissue-specific variation in mRNA and protein expression.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:190:\\\"Post-transcriptional modifications, such as RNA editing and polyadenylation, introduce tissue-specific variations in mRNA sequences and stability, consequently influencing protein diversity.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 1\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"Alternative splicing allows for the generation of multiple mRNA isoforms from a single gene, resulting in tissue-specific protein variants.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification, selectively activates gene expression in specific tissues, leading to tissue-specific variation in mRNA and protein levels.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Transcription factors interact with enhancer regions in a tissue-specific manner, modulating the transcriptional activity of target genes and contributing to tissue-specific variation in mRNA and protein expression.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Post-transcriptional modifications, such as RNA editing and polyadenylation, introduce tissue-specific variations in mRNA sequences and stability, consequently influencing protein diversity.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"76\":{\"question_id\":\"76\",\"quiz_id\":\"6\",\"question_name\":\"Eukaryotic RNA polymerases are?\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:83:\\\"Identical in structure and function, and can transcribe all types of RNA molecules.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:163:\\\"Composed of three distinct enzymes: RNA polymerase I, RNA polymerase II, and RNA polymerase III, each responsible for transcribing specific types of RNA molecules.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:117:\\\"Structurally similar, but functionally distinct, with each enzyme capable of transcribing all types of RNA molecules.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:96:\\\"Not involved in the synthesis of RNA molecules, as this process is carried out by other enzymes.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 2\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"Identical in structure and function, and can transcribe all types of RNA molecules.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Composed of three distinct enzymes: RNA polymerase I, RNA polymerase II, and RNA polymerase III, each responsible for transcribing specific types of RNA molecules.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Structurally similar, but functionally distinct, with each enzyme capable of transcribing all types of RNA molecules.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Not involved in the synthesis of RNA molecules, as this process is carried out by other enzymes.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"77\":{\"question_id\":\"77\",\"quiz_id\":\"6\",\"question_name\":\"Which of the following statements correctly highlights a difference in the transcription process between RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) and RNA Polymerase III (Pol III)?\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:98:\\\"Pol I transcribes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, while Pol III transcribes transfer RNA (tRNA) genes.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:87:\\\"Pol I transcribes protein-coding genes, while Pol III transcribes non-coding RNA genes.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:100:\\\"Pol I requires a promoter with a TATA box, while Pol III does not require a TATA box for initiation.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:80:\\\"Pol I synthesizes long transcripts, while Pol III synthesizes short transcripts.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 3\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"Pol I transcribes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, while Pol III transcribes transfer RNA (tRNA) genes.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Pol I transcribes protein-coding genes, while Pol III transcribes non-coding RNA genes.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Pol I requires a promoter with a TATA box, while Pol III does not require a TATA box for initiation.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Pol I synthesizes long transcripts, while Pol III synthesizes short transcripts.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"78\":{\"question_id\":\"78\",\"quiz_id\":\"6\",\"question_name\":\"The transcription factor, TFIIH, ......\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:60:\\\"Phosphorylates an arginine residue to initiate transcription\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:69:\\\"Phosphorylates the C-terminal of a small subunit of RNA Polymerase II\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:58:\\\"Phosphorylates a serine residue to initiate transcription \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:72:\\\"Does not remian assoicated with RNA Polymerase as it moves down the gene\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 4\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"Phosphorylates an arginine residue to initiate transcription\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Phosphorylates the C-terminal of a small subunit of RNA Polymerase II\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Phosphorylates a serine residue to initiate transcription \",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Does not remian assoicated with RNA Polymerase as it moves down the gene\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"79\":{\"question_id\":\"79\",\"quiz_id\":\"6\",\"question_name\":\"Which of the following is found solely in plants?\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:16:\\\"RNA Polymerase I\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:17:\\\"RNA Polymerase II\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:18:\\\"RNA Polymerase III\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:17:\\\"RNA Polymerase IV\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 5\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"RNA Polymerase I\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"RNA Polymerase II\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"RNA Polymerase III\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"RNA Polymerase IV\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"80\":{\"question_id\":\"80\",\"quiz_id\":\"6\",\"question_name\":\"Select the statement which is correct\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:111:\\\"RNA Polymerases IV and V act together in the production of an active chromatin structure by small RNA molecules\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:94:\\\"RNA polymerase IV transcribes specific DNA sequences to produce single-stranded RNA molecules \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:75:\\\"The enzyme RDR2 (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2) uses DNA as its substrate \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:101:\\\"Single-stranded siRNA bound to an RITS\\u2013Argonaute 4 protein complex can activate gene transcription \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 6\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"RNA Polymerases IV and V act together in the production of an active chromatin structure by small RNA molecules\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"RNA polymerase IV transcribes specific DNA sequences to produce single-stranded RNA molecules \",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"The enzyme RDR2 (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2) uses DNA as its substrate \",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Single-stranded siRNA bound to an RITS\\u2013Argonaute 4 protein complex can activate gene transcription \",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"81\":{\"question_id\":\"81\",\"quiz_id\":\"6\",\"question_name\":\"Researchers conducted a comparative analysis of RNA Polymerase I (Pol I), RNA Polymerase II (Pol II), and RNA Polymerase III (Pol III) occupancy across the genome of a eukaryotic organism. They obtained ChIP-seq data sets representing the binding locations of each polymerase. The analysis included both protein-coding genes and non-coding RNA genes. The data was normalized for read depth and presented as reads per million (RPM) to account for sequencing biases as follows:\\\\r\\\\nPol I RPM: 100\\\\r\\\\nPol II RPM: 20\\\\r\\\\nPol III RPM: 10\\\\r\\\\nBased on these RPM values for each polymerase, the gene at this locus is...\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:55:\\\"A protein-coding gene transcribed by RNA Polymerase II.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:60:\\\"A ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene transcribed by RNA Polymerase I.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:61:\\\"A transfer RNA (tRNA) gene transcribed by RNA Polymerase III.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:56:\\\"A non-coding RNA gene transcribed by RNA Polymerase III.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 7\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"A protein-coding gene transcribed by RNA Polymerase II.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"A ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene transcribed by RNA Polymerase I.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"A transfer RNA (tRNA) gene transcribed by RNA Polymerase III.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"A non-coding RNA gene transcribed by RNA Polymerase III.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"82\":{\"question_id\":\"82\",\"quiz_id\":\"6\",\"question_name\":\"A research team conducted a genome-wide analysis to investigate the role of TBP in transcriptional regulation. They performed ChIP-seq experiments to map the binding sites of TBP across the genome in a specific cell line. The data was processed and annotated to identify TBP peaks, representing its binding locations. Additionally, RNA-seq was performed to measure gene expression levels in the same cell line.\\\\r\\\\nThe following were their findings:\\\\r\\\\n1) TBP binding is enriched near the TATA box region in the promoters of protein-coding genes.\\\\r\\\\n2) Genes with high TBP binding intensity exhibit significantly higher expression levels compared to genes with low or no TBP binding.\\\\r\\\\n3) TBP binding is observed at the enhancer regions of a subset of genes involved in cell cycle regulation.\\\\r\\\\n4) The knockdown of TBP using RNA interference (RNAi) results in a global decrease in gene expression across various functional gene categories.\\\\r\\\\nBased on these, findings, which of the following is correct?\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:100:\\\"The binding of TBP at the TATA box region promotes transcription initiation of protein-coding genes.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:84:\\\"TBP binding at enhancer regions enhances the expression of cell cycle-related genes.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:95:\\\"TBP is primarily involved in the termination of transcription across different gene categories.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:99:\\\"TBP binding is unrelated to gene expression levels and functions as a passive structural component.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 8\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"The binding of TBP at the TATA box region promotes transcription initiation of protein-coding genes.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"TBP binding at enhancer regions enhances the expression of cell cycle-related genes.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"TBP is primarily involved in the termination of transcription across different gene categories.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"TBP binding is unrelated to gene expression levels and functions as a passive structural component.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"83\":{\"question_id\":\"83\",\"quiz_id\":\"6\",\"question_name\":\"During transcription, the basal transcription complex which assembles on different promoters can contain which of the following?\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:26:\\\"TATA-binding protein (TBP)\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:26:\\\"A TBP-related factor (TRF)\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:56:\\\"A protein factor which fulfills the role of TBP or TRF. \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:16:\\\"All of the above\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 9\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"TATA-binding protein (TBP)\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"A TBP-related factor (TRF)\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"A protein factor which fulfills the role of TBP or TRF. \",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"All of the above\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"84\":{\"question_id\":\"84\",\"quiz_id\":\"6\",\"question_name\":\"Transcription of rRNA genes by RNA Polymerase I takes place where?\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:26:\\\"Within the nucler envelope\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:16:\\\"In the nucleolus\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:22:\\\"On the nucler membrane\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:20:\\\"Within the cytoplasm\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:11:\\\"Question 10\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"Within the nucler envelope\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"In the nucleolus\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"On the nucler membrane\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Within the cytoplasm\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]}},\"first_page\":false,\"questions_settings\":[]}\n                    <\/script>\t\t<div class='qsm-quiz-container qsm-quiz-container-6 qmn_quiz_container mlw_qmn_quiz qsm_auto_pagination_enabled quiz_theme_default  '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form name=\"quizForm6\" id=\"quizForm6\" action=\"\/genecontrol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/82\" method=\"POST\" class=\"qsm-quiz-form qmn_quiz_form mlw_quiz_form\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" id=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" value=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_nonce\" id=\"qsm_nonce_6\" value=\"4038e0378a\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_unique_key\" id=\"qsm_unique_key_6\" value=\"69fca016afd73\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"mlw_top_of_quiz\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-1\" data-apid=\"1\" data-qpid=\"1\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-75 slide0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 1 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Regarding transcriptional regulatory processes that contribute to tissue-specific variation in specific mRNAs and proteins, which of the following is false?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question75-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question75\" id=\"question75_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question75_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAlternative splicing allows for the generation of multiple mRNA isoforms from a single gene, resulting in tissue-specific protein variants.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question75-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question75\" id=\"question75_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question75_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDNA methylation, an epigenetic modification, selectively activates gene expression in specific tissues, leading to tissue-specific variation in mRNA and protein levels.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question75-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question75\" id=\"question75_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question75_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTranscription factors interact with enhancer regions in a tissue-specific manner, modulating the transcriptional activity of target genes and contributing to tissue-specific variation in mRNA and protein expression.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question75-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question75\" id=\"question75_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question75_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPost-transcriptional modifications, such as RNA editing and polyadenylation, introduce tissue-specific variations in mRNA sequences and stability, consequently influencing protein diversity.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question75_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question75\" id=\"question75_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_75\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-2\" data-apid=\"2\" data-qpid=\"2\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-76 slide1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 2 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Eukaryotic RNA polymerases are?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question76-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question76\" id=\"question76_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question76_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIdentical in structure and function, and can transcribe all types of RNA molecules.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question76-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question76\" id=\"question76_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question76_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tComposed of three distinct enzymes: RNA polymerase I, RNA polymerase II, and RNA polymerase III, each responsible for transcribing specific types of RNA molecules.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question76-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question76\" id=\"question76_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question76_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tStructurally similar, but functionally distinct, with each enzyme capable of transcribing all types of RNA molecules.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question76-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question76\" id=\"question76_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question76_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNot involved in the synthesis of RNA molecules, as this process is carried out by other enzymes.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question76_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question76\" id=\"question76_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_76\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-3\" data-apid=\"3\" data-qpid=\"3\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-77 slide2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 3 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Which of the following statements correctly highlights a difference in the transcription process between RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) and RNA Polymerase III (Pol III)?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question77-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question77\" id=\"question77_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question77_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPol I transcribes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, while Pol III transcribes transfer RNA (tRNA) genes.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question77-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question77\" id=\"question77_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question77_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPol I transcribes protein-coding genes, while Pol III transcribes non-coding RNA genes.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question77-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question77\" id=\"question77_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question77_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPol I requires a promoter with a TATA box, while Pol III does not require a TATA box for initiation.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question77-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question77\" id=\"question77_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question77_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPol I synthesizes long transcripts, while Pol III synthesizes short transcripts.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question77_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question77\" id=\"question77_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_77\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-4\" data-apid=\"4\" data-qpid=\"4\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-78 slide3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 4 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The transcription factor, TFIIH, &#8230;&#8230;<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question78-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question78\" id=\"question78_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question78_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPhosphorylates an arginine residue to initiate transcription\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question78-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question78\" id=\"question78_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question78_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPhosphorylates the C-terminal of a small subunit of RNA Polymerase II\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question78-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question78\" id=\"question78_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question78_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPhosphorylates a serine residue to initiate transcription\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question78-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question78\" id=\"question78_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question78_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDoes not remian assoicated with RNA Polymerase as it moves down the gene\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question78_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question78\" id=\"question78_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_78\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-5\" data-apid=\"5\" data-qpid=\"5\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-79 slide4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 5 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Which of the following is found solely in plants?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question79-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question79\" id=\"question79_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question79_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tRNA Polymerase I\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question79-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question79\" id=\"question79_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question79_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tRNA Polymerase II\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question79-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question79\" id=\"question79_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question79_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tRNA Polymerase III\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question79-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question79\" id=\"question79_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question79_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tRNA Polymerase IV\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question79_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question79\" id=\"question79_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_79\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-6\" data-apid=\"6\" data-qpid=\"6\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-80 slide5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 6 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Select the statement which is correct<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question80-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question80\" id=\"question80_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question80_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tRNA Polymerases IV and V act together in the production of an active chromatin structure by small RNA molecules\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question80-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question80\" id=\"question80_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question80_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tRNA polymerase IV transcribes specific DNA sequences to produce single-stranded RNA molecules\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question80-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question80\" id=\"question80_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question80_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe enzyme RDR2 (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2) uses DNA as its substrate\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question80-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question80\" id=\"question80_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question80_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSingle-stranded siRNA bound to an RITS\u2013Argonaute 4 protein complex can activate gene transcription\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question80_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question80\" id=\"question80_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_80\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-7\" data-apid=\"7\" data-qpid=\"7\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-81 slide6 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 7 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Researchers conducted a comparative analysis of RNA Polymerase I (Pol I), RNA Polymerase II (Pol II), and RNA Polymerase III (Pol III) occupancy across the genome of a eukaryotic organism. They obtained ChIP-seq data sets representing the binding locations of each polymerase. The analysis included both protein-coding genes and non-coding RNA genes. The data was normalized for read depth and presented as reads per million (RPM) to account for sequencing biases as follows:\\r\\nPol I RPM: 100\\r\\nPol II RPM: 20\\r\\nPol III RPM: 10\\r\\nBased on these RPM values for each polymerase, the gene at this locus is&#8230;<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question81-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question81\" id=\"question81_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question81_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA protein-coding gene transcribed by RNA Polymerase II.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question81-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question81\" id=\"question81_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question81_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene transcribed by RNA Polymerase I.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question81-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question81\" id=\"question81_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question81_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA transfer RNA (tRNA) gene transcribed by RNA Polymerase III.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question81-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question81\" id=\"question81_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question81_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA non-coding RNA gene transcribed by RNA Polymerase III.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question81_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question81\" id=\"question81_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_81\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-8\" data-apid=\"8\" data-qpid=\"8\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-82 slide7 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 8 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>A research team conducted a genome-wide analysis to investigate the role of TBP in transcriptional regulation. They performed ChIP-seq experiments to map the binding sites of TBP across the genome in a specific cell line. The data was processed and annotated to identify TBP peaks, representing its binding locations. Additionally, RNA-seq was performed to measure gene expression levels in the same cell line.\\r\\nThe following were their findings:\\r\\n1) TBP binding is enriched near the TATA box region in the promoters of protein-coding genes.\\r\\n2) Genes with high TBP binding intensity exhibit significantly higher expression levels compared to genes with low or no TBP binding.\\r\\n3) TBP binding is observed at the enhancer regions of a subset of genes involved in cell cycle regulation.\\r\\n4) The knockdown of TBP using RNA interference (RNAi) results in a global decrease in gene expression across various functional gene categories.\\r\\nBased on these, findings, which of the following is correct?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question82-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question82\" id=\"question82_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question82_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe binding of TBP at the TATA box region promotes transcription initiation of protein-coding genes.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question82-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question82\" id=\"question82_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question82_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTBP binding at enhancer regions enhances the expression of cell cycle-related genes.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question82-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question82\" id=\"question82_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question82_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTBP is primarily involved in the termination of transcription across different gene categories.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question82-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question82\" id=\"question82_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question82_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTBP binding is unrelated to gene expression levels and functions as a passive structural component.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question82_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question82\" id=\"question82_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_82\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-9\" data-apid=\"9\" data-qpid=\"9\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-83 slide8 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 9 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>During transcription, the basal transcription complex which assembles on different promoters can contain which of the following?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question83-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question83\" id=\"question83_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question83_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTATA-binding protein (TBP)\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question83-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question83\" id=\"question83_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question83_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA TBP-related factor (TRF)\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question83-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question83\" id=\"question83_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question83_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA protein factor which fulfills the role of TBP or TRF.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question83-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question83\" id=\"question83_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question83_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAll of the above\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question83_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question83\" id=\"question83_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_83\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-10\" data-apid=\"10\" data-qpid=\"10\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-84 slide9 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 10 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Transcription of rRNA genes by RNA Polymerase I takes place where?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question84-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question84\" id=\"question84_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question84_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tWithin the nucler envelope\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question84-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question84\" id=\"question84_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question84_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIn the nucleolus\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question84-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question84\" id=\"question84_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question84_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tOn the nucler membrane\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question84-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question84\" id=\"question84_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question84_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tWithin the cytoplasm\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question84_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question84\" id=\"question84_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_84\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_question_list\" value=\"75Q76Q77Q78Q79Q80Q81Q82Q83Q84Q\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row quiz_section quiz_end empty_quiz_end qsm-d-none\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message_bottom\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" id=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"total_questions\" id=\"total_questions\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer\" id=\"timer\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer_ms\" id=\"timer_ms\" value=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"qmn_quiz_id\" name=\"qmn_quiz_id\" id=\"qmn_quiz_id\" value=\"6\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type='hidden' name='complete_quiz' value='confirmation' \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"qsm-popup qsm-popup-slide\" id=\"modal-4\" aria-hidden=\"false\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__overlay\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-micromodal-close=\"\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__container qmn_quiz_container\" role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__content\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/genecontrol\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-master-next\/assets\/clock.png\" alt=\"clock.png\"\/><p class=\"qsm-time-up-text\"> Time&#8217;s up<\/p><\/div><footer class=\"qsm-popup__footer\"><button class=\"qsm-popup-secondary-button qmn_btn\" data-micromodal-close=\"\" aria-label=\"Close this dialog window\" onclick=\"location.reload();\">Cancel<\/button><\/footer><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\" id=\"aioseo-questions-for-discussion\">Questions for Discussion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Discuss the coordination between gene regulation and regulatory networks in enabling cells and organisms to function and adapt to changing environments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Discuss similarities and differences between prokaryotc vs eukaryotic gene transcription\/<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For protein production three types of RNA rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA are required. In prokaryotes, all three RNAs are transcribed by single RNA polymerase. On the other hand, in eularyotes these three types of RNAs are transcribed by three different RNA polymerases. Discuss, how RNA polymerase I, II, and III coordinate their activity to regulate protein production.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA polymerases lack specific DNA binding activity. Discuss the transcription factors which provides DNA binding specificity to RNA polymerases in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Discuss how chromatin structure protect eukaryotic cells from invading viruses.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-further-reading\">Further Reading<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>6.1 Transcription by RNA polymerases<\/summary>\n<p>Bhuiyan T and Trimmers HTM (2019) Promoter recognition: Puttign TFIID on Ae spot. Trends in Cell Biology 29 (9) 752-763<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cramer, P. (2019). Organization and regulation of gene transcription. Nature, 573(7772), 45\u201354. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1517-4\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1517-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Girbig, M., Misiaszek, A. D., &amp; M\u00fcller, C. W. (2022). Structural insights into nuclear transcription by eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology, 23(9), 603\u2013622. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-022-00476-9\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-022-00476-9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Haag J.R. &amp; Pikaard C.S. (2011) Multisubunit RNA polymerases IV and V: purveyors of noncoding RNA for plant gene silencing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12:483\u2013492.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Iarovaia OU, Minna EP Sheval EV Onichtehouk D, Dokudouaskaya S, Razin SV and Vassetzky YS (2019) Nucleolus: A central hub for nuclear functions Trends in Cell Biology 29 (8) 647-659.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Meyer, S., Reverchon, S., Nasser, W., &amp; Muskhelishvili, G. (2018). Chromosomal organization of transcription: In a nutshell. Current Genetics, 64(3), 555\u2013565. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00294-017-0785-5\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00294-017-0785-5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a><\/a><a><\/a>Roeder, R. G. (2019). 50+ years of eukaryotic transcription: An expanding universe of factors and mechanisms. Nature Structural &amp; Molecular Biology, 26(9), 783\u2013791. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41594-019-0287-x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41594-019-0287-x<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rymen, B., Ferrafiat, L., &amp; Blevins, T. (n.d.). Non-coding RNA polymerases that silence transposable elements and reprogram gene expression in plants. Transcription, 11(3\u20134), 172\u2013191. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21541264.2020.1825906\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21541264.2020.1825906<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Schier, A. C., &amp; Taatjes, D. J. (2020). Structure and mechanism of the RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Genes &amp; Development, 34(7\u20138), 465\u2013488. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gad.335679.119\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gad.335679.119<\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>6.2 Transcriptional elongation and termination<\/summary>\n<p>Eaton, J. D., &amp; West, S. (2020). Termination of Transcription by RNA Polymerase II: BOOM! Trends in Genetics: TIG, 36(9), 664\u2013675. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tig.2020.05.008\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tig.2020.05.008<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fujinaga, K., Huang, F., &amp; Peterlin, B. M. (2023). P-TEFb: The master regulator of transcription elongation. Molecular Cell, 83(3), 393\u2013403. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.12.006\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.12.006<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mohamed, A. A., Vazquez Nunez, R., &amp; Vos, S. M. (2022). Structural advances in transcription elongation. Current Opinion in Structural Biology, 75, 102422. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbi.2022.102422\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbi.2022.102422<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kujirai, T., Ehara, H., Sekine, S.-I., &amp; Kurumizaka, H. (2023). Structural Transition of the Nucleosome during Transcription Elongation. Cells, 12(10), 1388. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12101388\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12101388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Noe Gonzalez, M., Blears, D., &amp; Svejstrup, J. Q. (2021). Causes and consequences of RNA polymerase II stalling during transcript elongation. Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology, 22(1), 3\u201321. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-020-00308-8\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-020-00308-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Svetlov, V., &amp; Nudler, E. (2020). Towards the unified principles of transcription termination. The EMBO Journal, 39(3), e104112. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/embj.2019104112\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/embj.2019104112<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Xie, J., Libri, D., &amp; Porrua, O. (2023). Mechanisms of eukaryotic transcription termination at a glance. Journal of Cell Science, 136(1), jcs259873. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jcs.259873\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jcs.259873<\/a><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>6.3 The gene promoter<\/summary>\n<p>Cramer, P. (2019). Organization and regulation of gene transcription. Nature, 573(7772), 45\u201354. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1517-4\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1517-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a>Gomez-Pastor, R., Burchfiel, E. T., &amp; Thiele, D. J. (2018). Regulation of heat shock transcription factors and their roles in physiology and disease. Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology, 19(1), 4\u201319. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm.2017.73\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm.2017.73<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Haberle, V., &amp; Stark, A. (2018). Eukaryotic core promoters and the functional basis of transcription initiation. Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology, 19(10), 621\u2013637. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-018-0028-8\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-018-0028-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jiang, S., &amp; Mortazavi, A. (2018). Integrating ChIP-seq with other functional genomics data. Briefings in Functional Genomics, 17(2), 104\u2013115. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bfgp\/ely002\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bfgp\/ely002<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kmiecik, S. W., &amp; Mayer, M. P. (2022). Molecular mechanisms of heat shock factor 1 regulation. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 47(3), 218\u2013234. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tibs.2021.10.004\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tibs.2021.10.004<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Marand, A. P., &amp; Schmitz, R. J. (2022). Single-cell analysis of cis-regulatory elements. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 65, 102094. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbi.2021.102094\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbi.2021.102094<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Schoenfelder, S., &amp; Fraser, P. (2019). Long-range enhancer-promoter contacts in gene expression control. Nature Reviews. Genetics, 20(8), 437\u2013455. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41576-019-0128-0\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41576-019-0128-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tsytsarev, V. (2022). Methodological aspects of studying the mechanisms of consciousness. Behavioural Brain Research, 419, 113684. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2021.113684\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2021.113684<\/a> Dowell <a><\/a>R.D. (<a><\/a>2010) <a><\/a>Transcription factor binding variation in the evolution of gene regulation. <a><\/a>Trends Genet <a><\/a>26:<a><\/a>468\u2013475.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>6.4 Enhancers and silencers<\/summary>\n<p>Anderson R al Sandelin A (2020) Detemenants of enhancer and promoter activity of regulatory elements Nature Review Genetics 21, 71-87.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bozek, M., &amp; Gompel, N. (2020). Developmental Transcriptional Enhancers: A Subtle Interplay between Accessibility and Activity: Considering Quantitative Accessibility Changes between Different Regulatory States of an Enhancer Deconvolutes the Complex Relationship between Accessibility and Activity. BioEssays: News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, 42(4), e1900188. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bies.201900188\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bies.201900188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Daman, A. W., &amp; Josefowicz, S. Z. (2021). Epigenetic and transcriptional control of interferon-\u03b2. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 218(9), e20210039. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20210039\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20210039<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kim, S., &amp; Wysocka, J. (2023). Deciphering the multi-scale, quantitative cis-regulatory code. Molecular Cell, 83(3), 373\u2013392. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.12.032\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.12.032<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kreibich, E., &amp; Krebs, A. R. (2023). Relevance of DNA methylation at enhancers for the acquisition of cell identities. FEBS Letters, 597(14), 1805\u20131817. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1873-3468.14686\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1873-3468.14686<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Maldonado, R., &amp; L\u00e4ngst, G. (2023). The chromatin\u2014Triple helix connection. Biological Chemistry. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/hsz-2023-0189\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/hsz-2023-0189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pang B ad Snyder MP (2020) Systematic identification of sillencers in human cells. Nature Genetics 52 254-263.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Segert, J. A., Gisselbrecht, S. S., &amp; Bulyk, M. L. (2021). Transcriptional Silencers: Driving Gene Expression with the Brakes On. Trends in Genetics: TIG, 37(6), 514\u2013527. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tig.2021.02.002\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tig.2021.02.002<\/a><\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:30%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained wp-container-1 is-position-sticky\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:0\"><strong>On this page<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-fe9cc265 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-aioseo-table-of-contents\"><ul><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-multiple-choice-questions\">Multiple-choice questions<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-questions-for-discussion\">Questions for Discussion<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-further-reading\">Further Reading<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":21,"menu_order":0,"template":"single-chapter","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"class_list":["post-82","content","type-content","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/genecontrol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/82","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/genecontrol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/genecontrol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/content"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/genecontrol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/21"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/genecontrol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=82"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}