{"id":30,"date":"2025-08-12T20:21:07","date_gmt":"2025-08-12T20:21:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/?p=30"},"modified":"2025-09-05T16:42:11","modified_gmt":"2025-09-05T16:42:11","slug":"chapter-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/chapter-7\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 7"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group subtitle-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a77db08e wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\" id=\"aioseo-chapter-7\">Chapter 7<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">Rhetoric in the Renaissance<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-f8d88e3b wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#fff1e894;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-chapter-overview\">Chapter Overview<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">Rhetoric achieved its greatest prominence during the Renaissance. Humanists promoted rhetoric between 1300 and 1700. The attention paid to rhetoric by intellectual luminaries such as Petrarch, Pico, Vives, and Valla enhanced rhetoric\u2019s status substantially. Humanism revered newly retrieved classical sources. A revived classical rhetoric\u2014largely Ciceronian\u2014grounded a new way of thinking about culture and education, indeed, a new social order. The Renaissance orator\u2014the <em>uomo universal<\/em>\u2014elevated the liberal arts and diligently pursued Cicero\u2019s model of uniting wisdom and eloquence. Petrarch advocated the <em>vita activa<\/em>\u2014the active life of civic involvement. Rhetoric was the key to self-discovery, refinement, and effective government. New conversational forms of rhetoric were explored by innovative figures such as Madeleine de Scud\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-review-questions\">Review Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-base-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781032813141\/reviewquestions\/ReviewQuestionsChapter7.docx\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px;background-color:#064a6d;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">Download Worksheet<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tap to reveal the author&#8217;s responses when you&#8217;re ready to check your answers.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"accordionGroup\" class=\"accordion-isr\">\n\n    <h3>\n        <button type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"accordion-isr-trigger\" aria-controls=\"sect-accordion_repeater69fc9319caf81-0\" id=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69fc9319caf81-0\">\n            <span class=\"accordion-isr-title\">\n                1.\tWhat does it mean to say that Christine de Pisan was a polemical writer?                 <span class=\"accordion-isr-icon\"><\/span>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/h3>\n    <div id=\"sect-accordion_repeater69fc9319caf81-0\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69fc9319caf81-0\" class=\"accordion-isr-panel\" hidden>\n        <div class=\"accordion-isr-body\">\n            <p>Christine de Pisan can be understood as a polemical writer because she was a fierce advocate who was actively involved in controversies of the day. As a powerful writer and active rhetorician, she wrote several outspoken defenses of women in a time when many popular books portrayed women as immoral and incompetent. Christine used her immense rhetorical ability to encourage women to find meaning in their lives and pursue worthy acts.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n\n\n\n    <h3>\n        <button type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"accordion-isr-trigger\" aria-controls=\"sect-accordion_repeater69fc9319caf81-1\" id=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69fc9319caf81-1\">\n            <span class=\"accordion-isr-title\">\n                2.\tWhat was the status of rhetorical studies in Renaissance education?                 <span class=\"accordion-isr-icon\"><\/span>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/h3>\n    <div id=\"sect-accordion_repeater69fc9319caf81-1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69fc9319caf81-1\" class=\"accordion-isr-panel\" hidden>\n        <div class=\"accordion-isr-body\">\n            <p>Rhetoric was an aid to contemplation and moral refinement, as well as a path to political power. Rhetorical skill was the sign of an educated person, surpassing the prestige of philosophers, as rhetoric was able to combine both eloquence and wisdom. Over 2,500 books on rhetoric were published during this period. Students had large numbers of rhetorical strategies and terms.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n\n\n\n    <h3>\n        <button type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"accordion-isr-trigger\" aria-controls=\"sect-accordion_repeater69fc9319caf81-2\" id=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69fc9319caf81-2\">\n            <span class=\"accordion-isr-title\">\n                3.\tIdentify some of the defining characteristics of Humanism.                  <span class=\"accordion-isr-icon\"><\/span>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/h3>\n    <div id=\"sect-accordion_repeater69fc9319caf81-2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69fc9319caf81-2\" class=\"accordion-isr-panel\" hidden>\n        <div class=\"accordion-isr-body\">\n            <p>Humanism emphasized the importance of getting texts right, which necessitated knowledge of classical languages. The second characteristic was to put texts in their historical context. This was a reaction against the Medieval splintering of classical texts. The third characteristic is an emphasis on ascertainable facts in writing history. These characteristics led to a revived interest in secular history which highlighted politics, war, and biography.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n\n\n\n    <h3>\n        <button type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"accordion-isr-trigger\" aria-controls=\"sect-accordion_repeater69fc9319caf81-3\" id=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69fc9319caf81-3\">\n            <span class=\"accordion-isr-title\">\n                4.\tWhat is the significance of the concept of the vita activa to Renaissance rhetoric? To which concept was it opposed?                 <span class=\"accordion-isr-icon\"><\/span>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/h3>\n    <div id=\"sect-accordion_repeater69fc9319caf81-3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69fc9319caf81-3\" class=\"accordion-isr-panel\" hidden>\n        <div class=\"accordion-isr-body\">\n            <p>The Italian Humanists were advocates of political and civic involvement. This concept is rooted in Ciceronian ideas of orators using their skills for the good of the state. The humanists saw speech as a civilizing and constructive ability. Rhetoric then must be used in the public sphere to aid in creating society. The <em>vita activa <\/em>was opposed to the concept of the <em>vita contemplativa <\/em>which held that rhetoric and reason should be used in solitary reflection or contemplation. This view was part of the earlier Christian model which emphasized personally contemplating divine truth within the monastic tradition.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n\n\n\n    <h3>\n        <button type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"accordion-isr-trigger\" aria-controls=\"sect-accordion_repeater69fc9319caf81-4\" id=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69fc9319caf81-4\">\n            <span class=\"accordion-isr-title\">\n                5.\tWhat was the response of many Humanists to the earlier Scholastic approach to education?                <span class=\"accordion-isr-icon\"><\/span>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/h3>\n    <div id=\"sect-accordion_repeater69fc9319caf81-4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69fc9319caf81-4\" class=\"accordion-isr-panel\" hidden>\n        <div class=\"accordion-isr-body\">\n            <p>The Italian Humanists\u2019 emphasis on a <em>vita activa<\/em> made them naturally opposed to the idea of Scholasticism and the <em>vita contemplativa<\/em>. They believed that to use ones rhetorical and intellectual abilities away from society was selfish and suspicious. The humanist view went against the monastic tradition of the medieval period which emphasized prayer and self-reflection and advocated instead for wisdom and eloquence focused on bettering civilization.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n\n\n\n<\/div><!--end panel group-->\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-quiz\">Quiz<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Put your Chapter 1 knowledge to the test!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-width:1px\"><script>\n                            if (window.qmn_quiz_data === undefined) {\n                                    window.qmn_quiz_data = new Object();\n                            }\n                    <\/script><script>window.qmn_quiz_data[\"7\"] = {\"quiz_id\":\"7\",\"quiz_name\":\"Chapter 7\",\"disable_answer\":0,\"ajax_show_correct\":0,\"progress_bar\":0,\"contact_info_location\":\"0\",\"qpages\":{\"1\":{\"id\":\"1\",\"quizID\":\"7\",\"pagekey\":\"apPrGV6f\",\"hide_prevbtn\":\"0\"}},\"skip_validation_time_expire\":0,\"timer_limit_val\":\"0\",\"disable_scroll_next_previous_click\":0,\"disable_scroll_on_result\":0,\"disable_first_page\":\"0\",\"enable_result_after_timer_end\":0,\"enable_quick_result_mc\":0,\"end_quiz_if_wrong\":\"0\",\"form_disable_autofill\":0,\"disable_mathjax\":0,\"enable_quick_correct_answer_info\":\"0\",\"quick_result_correct_answer_text\":\"Correct! 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She was largely self-educated, attracted a wide audience, wrote in French rather than Latin, and her most popular work was The Treasure of the City of Ladies which included an \\u201coutspoken defense of women.\\u201d \",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:10:\\\"Joanna Vaz\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:26:\\\"Publia Hortencia de Castro\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:18:\\\"Christine de Pisan\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:18:\\\"Madame de Scudery 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class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-94 slide0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 1 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Which of the following was the name for the movement inspired by the Humanists that caused a resurgence of scholarly interest in languages and texts of classical antiquity? <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question94-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question94\" id=\"question94_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question94_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tScholasticism\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question94-2 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for=\"question94_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNeoplatonism\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question94_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question94\" id=\"question94_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_94\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-2\" data-apid=\"2\" data-qpid=\"2\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-95 slide1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 2 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Which of the following rhetoricians was Europe\u2019s first professional female writer? She was largely self-educated, attracted a wide audience, wrote in French rather than Latin, and her most popular work was The Treasure of the City of Ladies which included an \u201coutspoken defense of women.\u201d <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question95-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question95\" id=\"question95_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question95_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tJoanna Vaz\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question95-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question95\" id=\"question95_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question95_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPublia Hortencia de Castro\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question95-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question95\" id=\"question95_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question95_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tChristine de Pisan\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question95-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question95\" id=\"question95_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question95_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMadame de Scudery\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question95_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question95\" id=\"question95_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_95\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-3\" data-apid=\"3\" data-qpid=\"3\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-96 slide2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 3 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Which of the following terms was the word Italian Humanists used for the source of emotions or passions in the human mind? <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question96-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question96\" id=\"question96_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question96_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAffectus\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question96-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question96\" id=\"question96_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question96_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tRes\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question96-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question96\" id=\"question96_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question96_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tEvanesco\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question96-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question96\" id=\"question96_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question96_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPathologia\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question96-5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question96\" id=\"question96_5\" value=\"4\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question96_5\">\n\t\t\t\t\tLiterae humanae\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question96-6 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question96\" id=\"question96_6\" value=\"5\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question96_6\">\n\t\t\t\t\tUomo universale\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question96-7 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question96\" id=\"question96_7\" value=\"6\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question96_7\">\n\t\t\t\t\tStudia humanitatis\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question96-8 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question96\" id=\"question96_8\" value=\"7\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question96_8\">\n\t\t\t\t\tCorpus Hermeticum\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question96_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question96\" id=\"question96_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_96\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-4\" data-apid=\"4\" data-qpid=\"4\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-100 slide3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 4 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Which of the following was the term used by Humanists to describe the ideal type of educated person, who represented a true orator grounded in wisdom and skilled in eloquence?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question100-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question100\" id=\"question100_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question100_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tLiterae humanae\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question100-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question100\" id=\"question100_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question100_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tUomo universale\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question100-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question100\" id=\"question100_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question100_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tStudia humanitatis\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question100-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question100\" id=\"question100_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question100_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tCorpus Hermeticum\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question100_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question100\" id=\"question100_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_100\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-5\" data-apid=\"5\" data-qpid=\"5\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-97 slide4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 5 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Lorenzo Valla, perhaps the most influential of all humanist scholars, believed that rhetoric and oratory were only subordinate to philosophy, because philosophers had a superior sense of ethical understanding than the ordinary person.  <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question97-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question97\" id=\"question97_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question97_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTrue\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question97-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question97\" id=\"question97_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question97_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFalse\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question97_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question97\" id=\"question97_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_97\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-6\" data-apid=\"6\" data-qpid=\"6\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-98 slide5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 6 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>One of the legacies of the Italian Humanists is that their interest in secular history introduced a study of history into schools that used historical writings that did not depend on arguments of divine intervention.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question98-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question98\" id=\"question98_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question98_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTrue\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question98-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question98\" id=\"question98_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question98_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFalse\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question98_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question98\" id=\"question98_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_98\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-7\" data-apid=\"7\" data-qpid=\"7\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-99 slide6 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 7 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>During the Renaissance period, rhetoric in England was banned for its connection with magic, as the Royal Society believed it was a way for rhetoricians to mislead and control the common people. <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question99-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question99\" id=\"question99_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question99_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTrue\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question99-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question99\" id=\"question99_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question99_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFalse\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question99_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question99\" id=\"question99_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_99\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-8\" data-apid=\"8\" data-qpid=\"8\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-14  question-section-id-101 slide7 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 8 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm-align-fill-in-blanks qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Important to the revival of rhetoric during this period was the rise of an educated class of <input type='text' class='qmn_fill_blank ' name='question101[]' \/>, which were rhetorically trained secretaries that were responsible for negotiating, recording, and communicating much of a city\u2019s civic functions.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-9\" data-apid=\"9\" data-qpid=\"9\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-14  question-section-id-102 slide8 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 9 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm-align-fill-in-blanks qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The Humanist movement believed in the <input type='text' class='qmn_fill_blank ' name='question102[]' \/>, or the concept that rhetoric and reason should be used actively for political and civic involvement.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-10\" data-apid=\"10\" data-qpid=\"10\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-14  question-section-id-103 slide9 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 10 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm-align-fill-in-blanks qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>A Dutch scholar, and author of On Dialectical Invention, <input type='text' class='qmn_fill_blank ' name='question103[]' \/> is famous for reducing rhetoric during the Renaissance period to ornamentation and holding dialectic as the true study of argumentation and wisdom.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_question_list\" value=\"94Q95Q96Q100Q97Q98Q99Q101Q102Q103Q\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row quiz_section quiz_end empty_quiz_end qsm-d-none\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message_bottom\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" id=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"total_questions\" id=\"total_questions\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer\" id=\"timer\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer_ms\" id=\"timer_ms\" value=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"qmn_quiz_id\" name=\"qmn_quiz_id\" id=\"qmn_quiz_id\" value=\"7\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type='hidden' name='complete_quiz' value='confirmation' \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"qsm-popup qsm-popup-slide\" id=\"modal-4\" aria-hidden=\"false\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__overlay\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-micromodal-close=\"\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__container qmn_quiz_container\" role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__content\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-master-next\/assets\/clock.png\" alt=\"clock.png\"\/><p class=\"qsm-time-up-text\"> Time&#8217;s up<\/p><\/div><footer class=\"qsm-popup__footer\"><button class=\"qsm-popup-secondary-button qmn_btn\" data-micromodal-close=\"\" aria-label=\"Close this dialog window\" onclick=\"location.reload();\">Cancel<\/button><\/footer><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-flashcards\">Flashcards<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;Think you know the term? Click to check!&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>The discipline of textual interpretation, of particular interest to the Italian Humanists. <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>hermeneutics<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Latin term for the active life of political involvement. <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>vita activa<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>A resurgence of interest in the language and texts of classical antiquity. <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>classicism <\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Rhetorically trained secretaries responsible for negotiating, recording, and communicating the many agreements that allowed Italian commercial cities to function.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>notaries<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div><div id=\"flip-announcement\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-button-next\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper-button-prev\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n    \n<\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"announcement\" class=\"visually-hidden\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n\nvar swiper = new Swiper(\".mySwiper\", {\n    pagination: {\n    el: \".swiper-pagination\",\n    type: \"fraction\",\n    },\n    navigation: {\n    nextEl: \".swiper-button-next\",\n    prevEl: \".swiper-button-prev\",\n    },\n});\n\n\n\nconst flipCards = document.querySelectorAll('.flip-card');\n  const announcement = document.getElementById('announcement');\n\n  flipCards.forEach(flipCard => {\n    flipCard.addEventListener('click', () => {\n      flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n      const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n      const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n      const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n      \n      if (isFlipped) {\n        announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n      } else {\n        announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n      }\n    });\n\n    flipCard.addEventListener('keydown', event => {\n      if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' ') {\n        flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n        const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n        const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n        const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n        \n        if (isFlipped) {\n          announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n        } else {\n          announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n        }\n      }\n    });\n\n    flipCard.addEventListener('focus', () => {\n      const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n      announcement.textContent = `Card: ${frontContent}  Press Space or Enter to flip`;\n    });\n\n    flipCard.addEventListener('blur', () => {\n      announcement.textContent = '';\n    });\n  });\n<\/script><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-essay-questions\">Essay Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>During the Renaissance, arts known as the <em>studia humanitatis <\/em>became important to education in Europe. What were some of these studies, and what shift from a medieval orientation to study and to life do they reflect? What role did rhetoric play in Renaissance education? Why would rhetoric have been of such universal interest and importance in Renaissance education? What writer was particularly important to shaping and securing the place of rhetoric in the Renaissance Curriculum?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Italian Humanists placed rhetoric at the very center of their studies. What were the marks of Italian Humanism as an intellectual movement. Why was rhetoric so important to the Italian Humanists? What important practical skills did rhetoric impart? What did it reveal about human beings, their thoughts, their activities, their capacity to build societies? What art did <em>not <\/em>give an adequate view of human beings and their activities?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-weblinks\">Weblinks<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Dive deeper with hand-picked online resources&nbsp;<\/strong>Dramatic reading of a scene from Christine de Pisan\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/e8TnOUy4pK8?si=wB3i1w842_pFxbnW\"><em>The Book of the City of Ladies<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyofinformation.com\/detail.php?id=2789\">The first printed classical texts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Example of<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/8iJxsrxnbl8?si=UyA6pP6h8imKatpI\"> God terms in campaign commercial<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Lwx-2R9swDg?si=JG5rwfitWsmwWtH6\">US Army commercial<\/a> &#8211; \u201cBe All You Can Be\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-recommended-readings\">Recommended Readings <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Want to learn more? Check out these bonus readings!&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>On The Renaissance<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gene Brucker. <em>Florence: The Golden Age 1138\u20131737<\/em>. New York: Abbeville Press, 1984.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lauro Martines. <em>Power and Imagination: City-States in Renaissance Italy<\/em>. New York: Knopf, 1979.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Renaissance Thought and its Sources<\/em>. Ed. Michael Mooney. New York: Columbia University Press, 1979.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>J. H. Plumb. <em>The Italian<\/em> <em>Renaissance<\/em>. New York: Mariner Books, 2001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ferdinand Schevill. <em>History of Florence: The Founding of the City Through The Renaissance<\/em>. New York: Frederick Unger Publishing, 1961.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>On Rhetoric in the Renaissance&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gene Brucker. <em>Rhetoric, Prudence, and Skepticism in the Renaissance<\/em>. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1985.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ernesto Grassi. <em>Rhetoric as Philosophy<\/em>. University Park, PA: Penn State Press,1980.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wilbur Samuel Howell. <em>Logic and Rhetoric in England: 1500\u20131700<\/em>. New York: Russell &amp; Russell, 1961. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Victoria Kahn. <em>Machiavellian Rhetoric: From the Counter-Reformation to Milton<\/em>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Raphael Lyne. <em>Shakespeare, Rhetoric and Cognition. <\/em>New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Peter Mack. <em>Renaissance Argument: Valla and Agricola in the Tradition of Rhetoric and Dialectic<\/em>. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Izora Scott. <em>Controversies over the Imitation of Cicero in the Renaissance<\/em>. Davis, CA: Hermagoras Press, 1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ryan J. Stark. <em>Rhetoric, Science, and Magic in Seventeenth-Century England<\/em>.Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 2009.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Brian Vickers, \u201cOn the Practicalities of Renaissance Rhetoric,\u201d in <em>Rhetoric Revalued<\/em>, ed. Brian Vickers (Binghamton, NY: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, 1982b), 133.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Garry Wills. <em>Rhetoric and Rome: Shakespeare\u2019s Julius Caesar<\/em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2011.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>On Humanism&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism<\/em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cornelis Augustijn. <em>Erasmus: His Life, Works, and Influence<\/em>. Trans. J. C. Grayson. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Morris Bishop. <em>Petrarch and His World<\/em>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1963.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gene Brucker. <em>Italian Humanism: Philosophy and Civic Life in the Renaissance<\/em>. New York: Harper &amp; Row, 1965.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Erasmus: His Life, Works and Influence<\/em>. Trans. J. C. Grayson. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1986.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Erasmus. \u201cThe Right Way to Speak.\u201d <em>Collected Works<\/em>. v. 4. Ed. J.K. Sowards. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The Impact of Humanism on Western Europe<\/em>. Ed. Anthony Goodman, Angus McKay. London: Longman, 1990.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Donald R. Kelley. <em>Renaissance Humanism<\/em>. Boston, MA: Twayne Publishers,1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nicholas Mann, \u201cThe Origins of Humanism,\u201d in <em>The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism<\/em>, ed. Jill Kraye (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Charles Nauert. <em>Humanism and the Culture of Renaissance Europe<\/em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1995.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jerrold Seigel. <em>Rhetoric and Philosophy in Renaissance Humanism: The Union of Eloquence and Wisdom, Petrarch to Valla<\/em>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1968.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>On Women and Rhetoric in the Renaissance<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jane Donawerth. <em>Conversational Rhetoric: The Rise and Fall of a Women\u2019s Rhetorical Tradition<\/em>, 1600\u2013 1900. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anne R. Larsen and Colette H. Winn. <em>Renaissance Women Writers: French Texts\/American Contexts<\/em>. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Reclaiming Rhetorica: Women in the Rhetorical Tradition<\/em>. Ed. Andrea A. Lunsford. Pittsburgh, PA: The University of Pittsburgh Press, 1995.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jenny R. Redfern, \u201cChristine de Pisan and The Treasure of the City of Ladies: A Medieval Rhetorician and Her Rhetoric,\u201d in <em>Reclaiming Rhetorica: Women in the Rhetorical Tradition<\/em>, ed. Andrea A. Lunsford (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1995), 73\u201392, p. 74.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Women Writers of the Renaissance and Reformation<\/em>. Ed. Katharina M. Wilson. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press, 1987.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>On Ramus&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Walter J. Ong, S.J. <em>Ramus: Method and the Decay of Dialogue<\/em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Peter Ramus\u2019s Attack on Cicero<\/em>. Trans. Carole Newlands. Davis, CA: Hermagoras Press, 1992.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>By Ramus&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The Questions of Brutus<\/em>. 1549. Trans. Carole Newlands. Davis, CA: Hermagoras Press, 1992.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>On Margaret Cavendish&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anna Battigelli. <em>Margaret Cavendish and the Exiles of the Mind<\/em>. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky Press, 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jacqueline Broad. Women Philosophers of the Seventeenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Paul Salzman. <em>Reading Early Modern Women\u2019s Writing<\/em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>By Margaret Cavendish&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Observations Upon Experimental Philosophy<\/em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>On Vico&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Joseph Mali. <em>The Rehabilitation of Myth: Vico\u2019s \u201cNew Science\u201d. <\/em>Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Richard Manson. <em>The Theory of Knowledge of Giambattista Vico<\/em>. Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1969.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Robert C. Miner. <em>Vico, Genealogist of Modernity<\/em>. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Michael Mooney. <em>Vico in the Tradition of Rhetoric<\/em>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1985.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Giambattista Vico: Keys to the New Science.<\/em> Ed. Thora Ilin Bayer and Philip Verene. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2009.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>By Vico&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Giambattista Vico\u2019s Science of Humanity<\/em>. Ed. G. Tagliacozzo and D. P. Verene. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1976.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Vico: Selected Writings<\/em>. Ed. Leon Pompa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.<br>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6c531013 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex wp-container-1 is-position-sticky\"><div class=\"wp-block-aioseo-table-of-contents\"><ul><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-chapter-overview\">Chapter Overview<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-review-questions\">Review Questions<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-flashcards\">Flashcards<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-essay-questions\">Essay Questions<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-weblinks\">Weblinks<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-recommended-readings\">Recommended Readings<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chapter 7 Rhetoric in the Renaissance Chapter Overview Rhetoric achieved its greatest prominence during the Renaissance. Humanists promoted rhetoric between 1300 and 1700. The attention paid to rhetoric by intellectual luminaries such as Petrarch, Pico, Vives, and Valla enhanced rhetoric\u2019s status substantially. Humanism revered newly retrieved classical sources. A revived classical rhetoric\u2014largely Ciceronian\u2014grounded a new&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":299,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30\/revisions\/299"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}