{"id":36,"date":"2025-08-12T20:30:11","date_gmt":"2025-08-12T20:30:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/?p=36"},"modified":"2025-09-05T16:46:31","modified_gmt":"2025-09-05T16:46:31","slug":"chapter-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/chapter-10\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 10"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group subtitle-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a77db08e wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\" id=\"aioseo-chapter-10\">Chapter 10<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">Rhetoric and Postmodernity&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-f8d88e3b wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#fff1e894;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-chapter-overview\">Chapter Overview<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\"><strong>Chapter Ten<\/strong> begins by defining postmodernism\u2019s key features and then linking those features to rhetorical theory. The chapter uses Afrocentric rhetoric, media, and protest rhetoric to illustrate how postmodern thought affirms rhetoric\u2019s value. It then uses Kenneth Burke to bridge modernism to postmodernism. Mikhail Bakhtin, Wayne Booth, and Michel Foucault will be used to show how discourse can spark new approaches to theorizing everyday language. The chapter then turns to queer theory as a vivid application of postmodernism\u2019s social construction thesis to gender and sexual identity before closing by discussing Jacques Derrida\u2019s contribution to postmodern rhetorical theory. Feminist theories are explored, as rhetoricians such as Sally Miller Gearhart and Sonja Foss interrogate traditionally male sources of knowledge and power.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-review-questions\">Review Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-base-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781032813141\/reviewquestions\/ReviewQuestionsChapter10.docx\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px;background-color:#064a6d;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">Download Worksheet<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tap to reveal the author&#8217;s responses when you&#8217;re ready to check your answers.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"accordionGroup\" class=\"accordion-isr\">\n\n    <h3>\n        <button type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"accordion-isr-trigger\" aria-controls=\"sect-accordion_repeater69fc9291450e0-0\" id=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69fc9291450e0-0\">\n            <span class=\"accordion-isr-title\">\n                Describe ways in which the value of rhetorical practices was affirmed and expanded in twentieth-century postmodern rhetoric.                <span class=\"accordion-isr-icon\"><\/span>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/h3>\n    <div id=\"sect-accordion_repeater69fc9291450e0-0\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69fc9291450e0-0\" class=\"accordion-isr-panel\" hidden>\n        <div class=\"accordion-isr-body\">\n            <p>Postmodern rhetoric represents a placement of value on the adaptative quality of rhetoric to understanding continuously changing audiences and uplifting previously muted voices. Specifically, postmodern rhetoric highlights the role of language in identity formation and social change. Afrocentric rhetoric demonstrates how structure and power, as well as culture, shape public argument and everyday rhetorical practices. Studying rhetoric within media offers fresh insights on cultural communication. Postmodern protest rhetoric also demonstrates the power of language to enact social change.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n\n\n\n    <h3>\n        <button type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"accordion-isr-trigger\" aria-controls=\"sect-accordion_repeater69fc9291450e0-1\" id=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69fc9291450e0-1\">\n            <span class=\"accordion-isr-title\">\n                2.\tWhat is Wayne Booth\u2019s position of the possibility of an author of fiction being \u201cinvisible\u201d?                 <span class=\"accordion-isr-icon\"><\/span>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/h3>\n    <div id=\"sect-accordion_repeater69fc9291450e0-1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69fc9291450e0-1\" class=\"accordion-isr-panel\" hidden>\n        <div class=\"accordion-isr-body\">\n            <p>Booth writes that it is impossible for an author of fiction to become completely invisible. He believes that the \u201cauthor\u2019s voice is always present, regardless of how thoroughly it is disguised.\u201d Booth believed that authors pretend not to be present in the voices of their characters, but that though an author may disguise themselves in many ways, they may never disappear. Booth\u2019s ideas about the rhetoric of fiction connect with Bakhtin and Burke\u2019s belief that a rhetor cannot adopt a neutral stance, as well as with the concepts of motives within the symbolic arena.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n\n\n\n    <h3>\n        <button type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"accordion-isr-trigger\" aria-controls=\"sect-accordion_repeater69fc9291450e0-2\" id=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69fc9291450e0-2\">\n            <span class=\"accordion-isr-title\">\n                3.\tWhat tenets characterized the Structuralism of Claude L\u00e9vi-Strauss?                 <span class=\"accordion-isr-icon\"><\/span>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/h3>\n    <div id=\"sect-accordion_repeater69fc9291450e0-2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69fc9291450e0-2\" class=\"accordion-isr-panel\" hidden>\n        <div class=\"accordion-isr-body\">\n            <p>L\u00e9vi-Strauss, realizing the similarities between mythologies around the world, wrote about the patterns and structures that characterized myths. The structure, or \u201cgrammar,\u201d of myths and narratives revealed the structure of the human thought and experience. L\u00e9vi-Strauss sought to reveal the structure of human thought by investigating the narrative patterns humans created and valued. His form of structuralism also held that these patterns reflected a cosmic order. Properties of myth were above ordinary linguistic expression. Much of Lyotard\u2019s work and postmodernism was a reaction against L\u00e9vi-Strauss\u2019 structuralism.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n\n\n\n    <h3>\n        <button type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"accordion-isr-trigger\" aria-controls=\"sect-accordion_repeater69fc9291450e0-3\" id=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69fc9291450e0-3\">\n            <span class=\"accordion-isr-title\">\n                4.\tWhat did Foucault mean by an \u201carchaeology of knowledge\u201d?                 <span class=\"accordion-isr-icon\"><\/span>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/h3>\n    <div id=\"sect-accordion_repeater69fc9291450e0-3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69fc9291450e0-3\" class=\"accordion-isr-panel\" hidden>\n        <div class=\"accordion-isr-body\">\n            <p>Foucault uses the term \u201carchaeology of knowledge\u201d to describe the type of investigative work he did to reveal <em>epistemes <\/em>from a past culture or era. His type of archaeology looked at \u201carchives,\u201d by which he meant the set of rules that determined the types of discourse that could take place in a culture. His archaeology of knowledge was less an intellectual history than an investigation of the possibilities of human thought, given the restraints on discourse in a community. Foucault later used the term \u201cgenealogy\u201d to convey the way in which <em>epistemes<\/em> influenced the thinking of the following time period.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n\n\n\n    <h3>\n        <button type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"accordion-isr-trigger\" aria-controls=\"sect-accordion_repeater69fc9291450e0-4\" id=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69fc9291450e0-4\">\n            <span class=\"accordion-isr-title\">\n                5.\tWhat is the basic feminist criticism of the Western rhetorical tradition?                 <span class=\"accordion-isr-icon\"><\/span>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/h3>\n    <div id=\"sect-accordion_repeater69fc9291450e0-4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69fc9291450e0-4\" class=\"accordion-isr-panel\" hidden>\n        <div class=\"accordion-isr-body\">\n            <p>The feminist critique of the Western rhetorical tradition is that it has systematically excluded women from both the discipline and the public sphere. As rhetoric has been traditionally male dominated it has left little room for women to express their experiences and be equal contributors in democratic societies. Scholars such as Gearhart find the masculine model of rhetoric violent and argue for a new \u201cwomanized\u201d model, while others such as Julia Wood take a more investigative approach and utilize the rhetorical tradition to highlight the construction of gender. Overall, the feminist critique of the Western rhetorical tradition recognized the patriarchal nature of the discipline and encouraged the discipline\u2019s investigation with a new consciousness.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n\n\n\n<\/div><!--end panel group-->\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-quiz\">Quiz<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Put your Chapter 1 knowledge to the test!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-width:1px\"><script>\n                            if (window.qmn_quiz_data === undefined) {\n                                    window.qmn_quiz_data = new Object();\n                            }\n                    <\/script><script>window.qmn_quiz_data[\"10\"] = {\"quiz_id\":\"10\",\"quiz_name\":\"Chapter 10\",\"disable_answer\":0,\"ajax_show_correct\":0,\"progress_bar\":0,\"contact_info_location\":\"0\",\"qpages\":{\"1\":{\"id\":\"1\",\"quizID\":\"10\",\"pagekey\":\"WSFnTZSK\",\"hide_prevbtn\":\"0\"}},\"skip_validation_time_expire\":0,\"timer_limit_val\":\"0\",\"disable_scroll_next_previous_click\":0,\"disable_scroll_on_result\":0,\"disable_first_page\":\"0\",\"enable_result_after_timer_end\":0,\"enable_quick_result_mc\":0,\"end_quiz_if_wrong\":\"0\",\"form_disable_autofill\":0,\"disable_mathjax\":0,\"enable_quick_correct_answer_info\":\"0\",\"quick_result_correct_answer_text\":\"Correct! You have selected correct answer.\",\"quick_result_wrong_answer_text\":\"Wrong! You have selected wrong answer.\",\"quiz_processing_message\":\"\",\"quiz_limit_choice\":\"Limit of choice is reached.\",\"not_allow_after_expired_time\":0,\"scheduled_time_end\":false,\"prevent_reload\":\"\",\"limit_email_based_submission\":0,\"total_user_tries\":\"0\",\"is_logged_in\":false,\"pagination\":{\"amount\":\"1\",\"section_comments\":1,\"total_questions\":10,\"previous_text\":\"Previous\",\"next_text\":\"Next\",\"start_quiz_survey_text\":\"Start Quiz\",\"submit_quiz_text\":\"Submit\"},\"error_messages\":{\"email_error_text\":\"Not a valid e-mail address!\",\"number_error_text\":\"This field must be a number!\",\"incorrect_error_text\":\"The entered text is not correct!\",\"empty_error_text\":\"Please complete all required fields!\",\"contact_field_required_error_text\":\"Please complete all required fields!\",\"url_error_text\":\"The entered URL is not valid!\",\"minlength_error_text\":\"Required atleast %minlength% characters.\",\"maxlength_error_text\":\"Maximum %maxlength% characters allowed.\",\"recaptcha_error_text\":\"ReCaptcha is missing\",\"phone_error_text\":\"Phone number is invalid\",\"empty_grid_radio_checkbox_text\":\"Please complete all rows are required fields\",\"empty_audio_text\":\"Please upload audio!\"},\"question_list\":{\"127\":{\"question_id\":\"127\",\"quiz_id\":\"10\",\"question_name\":\"Which of the following rhetoricians is famous for the dramatistic pentad, which analyzes the act, scene, agent, agency, and purpose? \",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:14:\\\"Kenneth Burke \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:12:\\\"Wayne Booth \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:15:\\\"Michel Bakhtin \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:14:\\\"Walter Fisher 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Fisher\\u2019s concept of practical wisdom as a means for communities to determine values and understand justice relates to which of the following classic rhetorical concepts? \",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:7:\\\"Kairos \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:6:\\\"Lumos \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:10:\\\"Phronesis \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:7:\\\"Eunoia 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Bakhtin say was the basic unit of discourse that represented a personal statement full of potential meaning? \",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:9:\\\"Sentence \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:7:\\\"Letter \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:10:\\\"Utterance \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:7:\\\"Sound  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Michel Foucault gave to the process of discovering possibilities of rational thought for a particular time period by investigating its discourse and set of social rules? \",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:23:\\\"Genealogy of discourse \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:25:\\\"Archaeology of knowledge \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:26:\\\"Archiving thought systems \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:26:\\\"Sociology of surveillance 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class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-127 slide0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 1 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Which of the following rhetoricians is famous for the dramatistic pentad, which analyzes the act, scene, agent, agency, and purpose? <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question127-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question127\" id=\"question127_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question127_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tKenneth Burke\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question127-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' 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which of the following classic rhetorical concepts? <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question128-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question128\" id=\"question128_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question128_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tKairos\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question128-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question128\" id=\"question128_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question128_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tLumos\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question128-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question128\" id=\"question128_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question128_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPhronesis\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question128-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question128\" id=\"question128_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question128_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tEunoia\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question128_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question128\" id=\"question128_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_128\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-3\" data-apid=\"3\" data-qpid=\"3\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-129 slide2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 3 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Which of the following terms did Michel Bakhtin say was the basic unit of discourse that represented a personal statement full of potential meaning? <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question129-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question129\" id=\"question129_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question129_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSentence\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question129-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question129\" id=\"question129_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question129_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tLetter\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question129-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question129\" id=\"question129_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question129_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tUtterance\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question129-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question129\" id=\"question129_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question129_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSound\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question129_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question129\" id=\"question129_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_129\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-4\" data-apid=\"4\" data-qpid=\"4\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-130 slide3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 4 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Which of the following was the name Michel Foucault gave to the process of discovering possibilities of rational thought for a particular time period by investigating its discourse and set of social rules? <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question130-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question130\" id=\"question130_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question130_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tGenealogy of discourse\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question130-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question130\" id=\"question130_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question130_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tArchaeology of knowledge\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question130-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question130\" id=\"question130_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question130_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tArchiving thought systems\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question130-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question130\" id=\"question130_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question130_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSociology of surveillance\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question130_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question130\" id=\"question130_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_130\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-5\" data-apid=\"5\" data-qpid=\"5\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-131 slide4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 5 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>One of the defining characteristics of contemporary rhetoric is that scholars have emphasized rhetoric as situational and focus on the underlying structures of rhetoric in cultural contexts.  <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question131-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question131\" id=\"question131_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question131_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTrue\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question131-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question131\" id=\"question131_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question131_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFalse\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question131_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question131\" id=\"question131_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_131\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-6\" data-apid=\"6\" data-qpid=\"6\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-132 slide5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 6 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>For Lloyd Bitzer, the rhetorical audience is only comprised of those who are capable of being influenced by discourse and capable of being mediators of change. <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question132-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question132\" id=\"question132_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question132_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTrue\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question132-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question132\" id=\"question132_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question132_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFalse\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question132_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question132\" id=\"question132_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_132\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-7\" data-apid=\"7\" data-qpid=\"7\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-133 slide6 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 7 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Many feminist rhetorical theorists have tried to distinguish the goals of a feminine rhetoric from other disenfranchised groups, arguing that feminine rhetorical goals should take precedent.  <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question133-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question133\" id=\"question133_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question133_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTrue\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question133-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question133\" id=\"question133_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question133_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFalse\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question133_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question133\" id=\"question133_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_133\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-8\" data-apid=\"8\" data-qpid=\"8\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-14  question-section-id-134 slide7 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 8 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm-align-fill-in-blanks qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Kenneth Burke used the term <input type='text' class='qmn_fill_blank ' name='question134[]' \/> to describe the fact that every language or choice of words becomes a filter through which we see the world.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-9\" data-apid=\"9\" data-qpid=\"9\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-14  question-section-id-135 slide8 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 9 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm-align-fill-in-blanks qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Jacques Derrida developed the critical theory of <input type='text' class='qmn_fill_blank ' name='question135[]' \/>, which works to destabilize discourse by dissecting its underlying structures of meaning and assumption.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-10\" data-apid=\"10\" data-qpid=\"10\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-14  question-section-id-136 slide9 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 10 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm-align-fill-in-blanks qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Sonja Foss and Cindy Griffin outline a form of <input type='text' class='qmn_fill_blank ' name='question136[]' \/> rhetoric, in which the goal of rhetoric is not persuasion, but instead is focused on audiences entering the world of the rhetor and making their own evaluative decisions.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_question_list\" value=\"127Q128Q129Q130Q131Q132Q133Q134Q135Q136Q\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row quiz_section quiz_end empty_quiz_end qsm-d-none\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message_bottom\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" id=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"total_questions\" id=\"total_questions\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer\" id=\"timer\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer_ms\" id=\"timer_ms\" value=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"qmn_quiz_id\" name=\"qmn_quiz_id\" id=\"qmn_quiz_id\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type='hidden' name='complete_quiz' value='confirmation' \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"qsm-popup qsm-popup-slide\" id=\"modal-4\" aria-hidden=\"false\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__overlay\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-micromodal-close=\"\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__container qmn_quiz_container\" role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__content\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-master-next\/assets\/clock.png\" alt=\"clock.png\"\/><p class=\"qsm-time-up-text\"> Time&#8217;s up<\/p><\/div><footer class=\"qsm-popup__footer\"><button class=\"qsm-popup-secondary-button qmn_btn\" data-micromodal-close=\"\" aria-label=\"Close this dialog window\" onclick=\"location.reload();\">Cancel<\/button><\/footer><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-flashcards\">Flashcards<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;Think you know the term? Click to check!&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>In Bakhtin, chains of assertion and response that reveal the presence of different voices. <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>dialogues<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Burke\u2019s &quot; grammar of motives,&quot;  consisting of act, scene, agent, agency, and purpose. <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>dramatistic pentad<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>What Burke refers to as &quot; an arousing and fulfilling desire in an audience.&quot;  <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>form<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Bakhtin\u2019s term for quality of narrative in which each character is fully developed and speaks fully his or her perspective on the world. <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>polyphonic<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Booth\u2019s insight that, in narrative, &quot; the author\u2019s judgment is always present&quot;  in a novel. <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>rhetoric of fiction<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Burke\u2019s definition of rhetoric.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>symbolic inducement <\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Burke\u2019s term to describe the fact that every language or choice of words becomes a filter through which we perceive the world.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>terministic screens<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Foucault\u2019s term for &quot; the set of rules which at a given period and for a given society define&quot;  the limits of discourse, knowledge and power.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>archaeology of knowledge<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>In Derrida, the work of destabilizing discourse by dissecting its underlying structures of meaning and assumption.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>deconstruction<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>In Foucault, the totality of discursive practices of a society at a particular point in time.  <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>episteme<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div><div id=\"flip-announcement\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-button-next\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper-button-prev\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n    \n<\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"announcement\" class=\"visually-hidden\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n\nvar swiper = new Swiper(\".mySwiper\", {\n    pagination: {\n    el: \".swiper-pagination\",\n    type: \"fraction\",\n    },\n    navigation: {\n    nextEl: \".swiper-button-next\",\n    prevEl: \".swiper-button-prev\",\n    },\n});\n\n\n\nconst flipCards = document.querySelectorAll('.flip-card');\n  const announcement = document.getElementById('announcement');\n\n  flipCards.forEach(flipCard => {\n    flipCard.addEventListener('click', () => {\n      flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n      const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n      const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n      const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n      \n      if (isFlipped) {\n        announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n      } else {\n        announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n      }\n    });\n\n    flipCard.addEventListener('keydown', event => {\n      if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' ') {\n        flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n        const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n        const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n        const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n        \n        if (isFlipped) {\n          announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n        } else {\n          announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n        }\n      }\n    });\n\n    flipCard.addEventListener('focus', () => {\n      const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n      announcement.textContent = `Card: ${frontContent}  Press Space or Enter to flip`;\n    });\n\n    flipCard.addEventListener('blur', () => {\n      announcement.textContent = '';\n    });\n  });\n<\/script><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-essay-questions\">Essay Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Draw on two theorists discussed in Chapter Ten to describe how the notion of rhetoric can be expanded to encompass human communication activities beyond the traditional speech or written argument. What kinds of activities has each sought to account for as rhetorical? What kinds of theoretical mechanisms has each developed to assist readers in understanding a realm of human rhetorical activity broader than the speech?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Michel Foucault and the feminist rhetoricians discussed in Chapter Ten perceive that rhetorical practices are crucial to either the existence, preservation, or criticism of culture. Summarize the two views of the relationship between rhetoric or discourse and culture represented by Foucault and the feminist critics. Which view do you find more persuasive?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-weblinks\">Weblinks<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Dive deeper with hand-picked online resources&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/owlcation.com\/humanities\/Postmodernism-Explained\">Postmodernism explained<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Article on <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@laurel.frazier\/let-em-know-ba1b4d45925b\">rhetorical strategies in African rhetoric<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Article on <a href=\"https:\/\/colleenchapcowadesafina.medium.com\/rhetoric-within-social-media-marketing-c3baec8d9c64#:~:text=The%20art%20of%20persuasion%20on,influence%2C%20and%20yes\u2026..\">rhetoric in social media marketing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Article on <a href=\"https:\/\/textrhet.com\/2018\/09\/29\/using-kenneth-burkes-pentad\/\">Kenneth Burke\u2019s pentad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bitesize Philosophy YouTube video on <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/-VeaQqweOwE?si=xtVZ6RCVqFHE0TAA\">Foucault\u2019s Panopticon<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-recommended-readings\">Recommended Readings <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Want to learn more? Check out these bonus readings!&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>On Kenneth Burke&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Don Abbott. \u201cMarxist Influences on the Rhetorical Theory of Kenneth Burke.\u201d <em>Philosophy and Rhetoric <\/em>4 (1974): 217\u2013233.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Barbara Biesecker. <em>Addressing Postmodernity: Kenneth Burke, Rhetoric and a Theory of Social Change<\/em>. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Kenneth Burke and The Twenty-First Century<\/em>. Ed. Bernard Brock. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Critical Responses to Kenneth Burke<\/em>. Ed. William H. Ruckert. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1969.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ross Wolin. <em>The Rhetorical Imagination of Kenneth Burke<\/em>. Columbia, SC: The University of South Carolina Press, 2001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>By Kenneth Burke&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Counter-Statement<\/em>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1931.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Language as Symbolic Action<\/em>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1937.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>A Grammar of Motives<\/em>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1945.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>A Rhetoric of Motives<\/em>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1950.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The Rhetoric of Religion<\/em>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1961.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Language as Symbolic Action<\/em>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1966.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The Philosophy of Literary Form: Studies in Symbolic Action<\/em>. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>On Mikhail Bakhtin<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Michael Holquist. <em>Dialogism: Bakhtin and His World<\/em>. London: Routledge, 1990.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>By Bakhtin<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(V. N. Voloshinov, pseud.) <em>Marxism and the Philosophy of Language<\/em>. Trans. L. Matejka and I. R. Titunik. New York: Seminar Press, 1973.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Problems of Dostoevsky\u2019s Poetics<\/em>. Ed. and Trans. Caryl Emerson. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1984.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>By Wayne Booth&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The Rhetoric of Fiction<\/em>. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1961.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Now Don\u2019t Try to Reason With Me<\/em>. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1970.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Modern Dogma and the Rhetoric of Assent<\/em>. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1974.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The Company We Keep<\/em>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1988. <em>The Vocation of a Teacher<\/em>. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1988.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>On Jacques Derrida and Deconstruction&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>James A. Aune. \u201cRhetoric After Deconstruction.\u201d <em>Rhetoric and Philosophy<\/em>. Ed. Richard A. Cherwitz. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990: 253\u2013273.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jonathan Culler. <em>On Deconstruction<\/em>. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1982.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Deconstruction in a Nutshell: A Conversation with Jacques Derrida<\/em>. Ed. John D. Caputo. New York: Fordham University Press, 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Christopher Norris. <em>Derrida<\/em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>By Jacques Derrida<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Speech and Phenomena<\/em>. (1967). Trans. David Allison. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1973.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Of Grammatology<\/em>. (1967) Trans. Gayatri Spivak. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Writing and Difference<\/em>. Trans. Alan Bass. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1978. <em>Positions<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trans. and ed. Alan Bass. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1981.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>On Michel Foucault<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>James W. Bernauer. <em>Michel Foucault\u2019s Force of Flight: Toward an Ethics of Thought<\/em>. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1990.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The Cambridge Companion to Foucault<\/em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The Foucault Effect<\/em>. Ed. Graham Burchell, Colin Gordon and Peter Miller. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gary Gutting. <em>Michel Foucault\u2019s Archaeology of Scientific Knowledge<\/em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Charles Lemert and Garth Gillan. <em>Michel Foucault: Social Theory as Transgression<\/em>. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C. G. Prado, <em>Starting with Foucault: An Introduction to Genealogy <\/em>(Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1995). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Karlis Racevskis. <em>Michel Foucault and the Subversion of Intellect<\/em>. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1983.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>David R. Shumway. <em>Michel Foucault<\/em>. Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia, 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>By Michel Foucault<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason<\/em>. Trans. Richard Howard. New York: Pantheon, 1965.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences<\/em>. (1966) New York: Pantheon, 1970.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The Archaeology of Knowledge<\/em>. Trans. A. M. Sheridan Smith. New York: Random House, 1972.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception<\/em>. Trans. A. M. Sheridan Smith. New York: Random House, 1973.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Discipline and Punish<\/em>. Trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Vantage Books, 1979.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Language, Counter-Memory, Practice: Selected Essays and Interviews by Michel Foucault<\/em>. Ed. Donald F. Bouchard. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1977.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>On Feminism and Rhetoric&nbsp;<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Karlyn Campbell. \u201cHearing Women\u2019s Voices.\u201d <em>Communication Education <\/em>40:1 (January 1991): 33\u201348. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Karlyn Campbell<em>. Man Cannot Speak for Her: A Critical Study of Early Feminist Rhetoric<\/em>. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Constructing and Reconstructing Gender: The Links Among Communication, Language, and Gender<\/em>. Ed. Linda A. M. Perry, Lynn H. Turner, and Helen M. Sterk. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1992.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elizabeth A. Fay. <em>Eminent Rhetoric: Language, Gender, and Cultural Tropes<\/em>. Westport, CT: Bergen &amp; Garvey, 1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sonja Foss, <em>Rhetorical Criticism<\/em> (Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland, 1989), 151\u2013152.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sonja K. Foss and Cindy L. Griffin. \u201cBeyond Persuasion: A Proposal for an Invitational Rhetoric.\u201d <em>Communication Monographs <\/em>62:1 (March 1995): 2\u201318.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Carol Gilligan. <em>In a Different Voice<\/em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sally Miller Gearhart. \u201cThe Womanization of Rhetoric.\u201d <em>Women\u2019s Studies International Quarterly<\/em> 2 (1979): 195\u2013201.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Diane Helene Miller, \u201cThe Future of Feminist Rhetorical Criticism,\u201d in <em>Listening to Their Voices: The Rhetorical Activities of Historical Women<\/em>, ed. M. M. Wertheimer (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1997), 359\u2013380, pp. 361\u2013362.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deborah Tannen. <em>Gender and Discourse<\/em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K. S. Vonnegut. \u201cListening for Women\u2019s Voices.\u201d <em>Communication Education <\/em>41:1 (January 1992): 26\u2013 39.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Women, Knowledge and Reality: Explorations in Feminist Philosophy<\/em>. Ed. Ann Garry and Marilyn Pearsall. New York: Routledge, 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Women\u2019s Voices in our Time: Statements by American Leaders<\/em>. Ed. Victoria L. DeFrancisco, Victoria L. and Marvin Jensen. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1994. Julia T. Wood. <em>Gendered Lives<\/em>. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1994.<br>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6c531013 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex wp-container-1 is-position-sticky\"><div class=\"wp-block-aioseo-table-of-contents\"><ul><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-chapter-overview\">Chapter Overview<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-review-questions\">Review Questions<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-flashcards\">Flashcards<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-essay-questions\">Essay Questions<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-weblinks\">Weblinks<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-recommended-readings\">Recommended Readings<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chapter 10 Rhetoric and Postmodernity&nbsp;&nbsp; Chapter Overview Chapter Ten begins by defining postmodernism\u2019s key features and then linking those features to rhetorical theory. The chapter uses Afrocentric rhetoric, media, and protest rhetoric to illustrate how postmodern thought affirms rhetoric\u2019s value. It then uses Kenneth Burke to bridge modernism to postmodernism. Mikhail Bakhtin, Wayne Booth, and&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":302,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36\/revisions\/302"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}