{"id":564,"date":"2025-02-17T11:09:36","date_gmt":"2025-02-17T11:09:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/internationalhistory20c\/?post_type=content&#038;p=564"},"modified":"2025-02-17T11:10:13","modified_gmt":"2025-02-17T11:10:13","slug":"chapter-4-the-european-colonial-empires-1900-45","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/students\/chapter-4-the-european-colonial-empires-1900-45\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 4: The European colonial empires, 1900\u201345"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#dae9e0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-12dd3699 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\" title=\"Home\">Home<\/a>\n<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u203a<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/students\/\" title=\"Students\">Students<\/a>\n<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u203a<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/students\/chapter-4-the-european-colonial-empires-1900-45\/\" title=\"Chapter 4: The European colonial empires, 1900\u201345\">Chapter 4: The European colonial empires, 1900\u201345<\/a>\n<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"alignwide wp-block-post-title has-large-font-size\">Chapter 4: The European colonial empires, 1900\u201345<\/h1>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The rise of Japan to Great Power status was by no means the only challenge to European predominance, for the rise of nationalism more broadly in Asia, Africa and the Middle East brought about one of the most remarkable features of the twentieth century, the collapse of European colonial rule. The chapter begins by explaining the nature, breadth and key features of the colonial empires at the start of the twentieth century. It then looks at the way in which the First World War helped, through the mass mobilization of imperial resources, to stimulate the rise of nationalism within the European colonial empires. It takes in developments in relationship between Britain and its Dominions, and the struggles for independence or greater autonomy in Ireland, India, South-East Asia, the Middle East and Africa and looks at the transnational connections that were being made in the inter-war period by some of the leading nationalist figures. Lastly it assesses the role that the Second World War had in further corroding imperial rule.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:70%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-23d1e0e5 wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-montserrat-font-family has-medium-font-size\" id=\"aioseo-multiple-choice-questions\">Multiple Choice Questions<\/h3>\n\n\n<script>\n                            if (window.qmn_quiz_data === undefined) {\n                                    window.qmn_quiz_data = new Object();\n                            }\n                    <\/script><script>window.qmn_quiz_data[\"5\"] = {\"quiz_id\":\"5\",\"quiz_name\":\"Chapter 4\",\"disable_answer\":0,\"ajax_show_correct\":0,\"progress_bar\":0,\"contact_info_location\":\"0\",\"qpages\":{\"2\":{\"id\":\"2\",\"quizID\":\"5\",\"pagekey\":\"b7SCUoZ7\",\"hide_prevbtn\":\"0\"}},\"skip_validation_time_expire\":0,\"timer_limit_val\":\"0\",\"disable_scroll_next_previous_click\":0,\"disable_scroll_on_result\":0,\"disable_first_page\":\"0\",\"enable_result_after_timer_end\":0,\"enable_quick_result_mc\":0,\"end_quiz_if_wrong\":\"0\",\"form_disable_autofill\":0,\"disable_mathjax\":0,\"enable_quick_correct_answer_info\":\"0\",\"quick_result_correct_answer_text\":\"Correct! 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Indies?\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:16:\\\"placeholder_text\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"4\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:21:\\\"image,application\\\/pdf\\\";s:15:\\\"min_text_length\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"Reconciliation of the overseas Chinese and Muslims through Sarekat Islam movement\",0,0],[\"Provision of greater education\",0,1],[\"Decentralization of government within Indonesian Archipelago\",0,0],[\"A and C\",0,0]]},\"42\":{\"question_id\":\"42\",\"quiz_id\":\"5\",\"question_name\":\"\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:38:\\\"Development of of commodity production\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:40:\\\"Urbanization and unionization of workers\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:2;a:3:{i:0;s:51:\\\"Move away from cash crops to local self-sufficiency\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:3;a:3:{i:0;s:7:\\\"A and B\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:1;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:16:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:1;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:80:\\\"Why was imperial control over sub-Saharan Africa undermined in the interwar era?\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:16:\\\"placeholder_text\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"4\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:21:\\\"image,application\\\/pdf\\\";s:15:\\\"min_text_length\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"Development of of commodity production\",0,0],[\"Urbanization and unionization of workers\",0,0],[\"Move away from cash crops to local self-sufficiency\",0,0],[\"A and B\",0,1]]},\"43\":{\"question_id\":\"43\",\"quiz_id\":\"5\",\"question_name\":\"\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:58:\\\"Decline of prestige after European defeats in the Far East\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:1;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:71:\\\"Discrediting of self-determination due to failures of League of Nations\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:2;a:3:{i:0;s:50:\\\"Firming up of Australian relationship with Britain\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:3;a:3:{i:0;s:59:\\\"Decreased emphasis on commodity trade to calm local opinion\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:16:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:1;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:56:\\\"How did the Second World War influence European empires?\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:16:\\\"placeholder_text\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"4\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:21:\\\"image,application\\\/pdf\\\";s:15:\\\"min_text_length\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"Decline of prestige after European defeats in the Far East\",0,1],[\"Discrediting of self-determination due to failures of League of Nations\",0,0],[\"Firming up of Australian relationship with Britain\",0,0],[\"Decreased emphasis on commodity trade to calm local opinion\",0,0]]}},\"first_page\":false,\"questions_settings\":[]}\n                    <\/script><style type='text\/css' id='qmn_quiz_template-css'>.qsm-quiz-container {\r\n    background: #f7f5f5;\r\n    padding-left: 25px;\r\n    padding-right: 10px;\r\n    border: 1px solid #cdcdcd;\r\n    margin-left: 20px;\r\n    margin-right: 20px;\r\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\r\n    margin-top: 20px;\r\n    border-radius: 20px;\r\n}\r\n\r\nspan.mlw_qmn_question_number {\r\n    font-size: .8em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.mlw_qmn_message_before {\r\n    font-weight: bold;\r\n    text-align: center;\r\n    font-size: 1.5em;\r\n    color: #000;\r\n}<\/style>\t\t<div class='qsm-quiz-container qsm-quiz-container-5 qmn_quiz_container mlw_qmn_quiz qsm_auto_pagination_enabled quiz_theme_default  '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form name=\"quizForm5\" id=\"quizForm5\" action=\"\/internationalhistory20c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/564\" method=\"POST\" class=\"qsm-quiz-form qmn_quiz_form mlw_quiz_form\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" id=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" value=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_nonce\" id=\"qsm_nonce_5\" value=\"725ff30833\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_unique_key\" id=\"qsm_unique_key_5\" value=\"69fc9f7224a25\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"mlw_top_of_quiz\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-1\" data-apid=\"1\" data-qpid=\"1\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-34 slide0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>1.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Which imperial territory was not given equal legal status with Britain in the 1931 Statute of Westminster <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question34-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question34\" id=\"question34_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question34_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAustralia\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question34-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question34\" id=\"question34_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question34_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSouth Africa\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question34-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question34\" id=\"question34_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question34_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIndia\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question34-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question34\" id=\"question34_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question34_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tCanada\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question34_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question34\" id=\"question34_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_34\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-2\" data-apid=\"2\" data-qpid=\"2\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-35 slide1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>2.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Which statement best describes the advantages of imperial territory in the interwar period? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question35-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question35\" id=\"question35_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question35_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFrance gained from a pool of manpower in case of potential war\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question35-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question35\" id=\"question35_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question35_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe Netherlands gained more than 10% of its national income from imperial resources\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question35-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question35\" id=\"question35_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question35_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tBritain gained an imperial police force to defend regional interests\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question35-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question35\" id=\"question35_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question35_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAll of the above\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question35_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question35\" id=\"question35_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_35\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-3\" data-apid=\"3\" data-qpid=\"3\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-36 slide2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>3.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>What were some of the challenges to imperial rule in the 20th century? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question36-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question36\" id=\"question36_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question36_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tLack of support for modernization within empire stirred up nationalist anger\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question36-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question36\" id=\"question36_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question36_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMost colonies had been held for centuries, making rapid innovation difficult\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question36-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question36\" id=\"question36_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question36_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNew imperial elites wielding western political ideals\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question36-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question36\" id=\"question36_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question36_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tUniformity of imperial rule prevented development of local solutions\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question36_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question36\" id=\"question36_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_36\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-4\" data-apid=\"4\" data-qpid=\"4\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-37 slide3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>4.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>How did the First World War change relationships between imperial powers and colonies? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question37-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question37\" id=\"question37_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question37_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAll imperial territories were transferred to League of Nations mandates, raising hopes of freedom\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question37-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question37\" id=\"question37_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question37_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe principle of self-determination made imperial control more problematic\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question37-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question37\" id=\"question37_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question37_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tWartime mobilization of resources generated discontent within colonies\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question37-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question37\" id=\"question37_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question37_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tB and C\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question37_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question37\" id=\"question37_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_37\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-5\" data-apid=\"5\" data-qpid=\"5\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-38 slide4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>5.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Which statement best describes the British Empire in the 1920s? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question38-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question38\" id=\"question38_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question38_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tBritain approached demands for independence consistently across empire\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question38-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question38\" id=\"question38_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question38_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tBritain used Dominion status to keep Ireland and India within the empire\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question38-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question38\" id=\"question38_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question38_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tBritain sought to maintain relationships through strategic concession\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question38-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question38\" id=\"question38_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question38_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tBritain was aided in its relations with the Dominions and India by their common economic and strategic interests\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question38_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question38\" id=\"question38_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_38\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-6\" data-apid=\"6\" data-qpid=\"6\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-39 slide5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>6.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Which of the following factors fed into Arab nationalism? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question39-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question39\" id=\"question39_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question39_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tOttoman weakness and resulting European exploitation\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question39-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question39\" id=\"question39_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question39_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tYoung Turk revolution of 1908\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question39-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question39\" id=\"question39_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question39_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDivision of Arab territories under the League Mandate system\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question39-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question39\" id=\"question39_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question39_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAll of the above\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question39_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question39\" id=\"question39_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_39\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-7\" data-apid=\"7\" data-qpid=\"7\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-40 slide6 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>7.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>How did Indian opposition to British rule manifest itself in the interwar era? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question40-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question40\" id=\"question40_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question40_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tthe Khalifat Movement\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question40-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question40\" id=\"question40_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question40_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNon-cooperation campaigns\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question40-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question40\" id=\"question40_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question40_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tINC-led mass insurgency\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question40-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question40\" id=\"question40_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question40_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAll of the above\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question40_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question40\" id=\"question40_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_40\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-8\" data-apid=\"8\" data-qpid=\"8\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-41 slide7 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>8.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Which of the following were elements of the Dutch &quot;ethical policy&quot; in the East Indies? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question41-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question41\" id=\"question41_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question41_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tReconciliation of the overseas Chinese and Muslims through Sarekat Islam movement\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question41-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question41\" id=\"question41_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question41_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tProvision of greater education\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question41-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question41\" id=\"question41_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question41_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDecentralization of government within Indonesian Archipelago\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question41-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question41\" id=\"question41_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question41_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA and C\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question41_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question41\" id=\"question41_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_41\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-9\" data-apid=\"9\" data-qpid=\"9\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-42 slide8 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>9.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Why was imperial control over sub-Saharan Africa undermined in the interwar era? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question42-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question42\" id=\"question42_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question42_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDevelopment of of commodity production\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question42-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question42\" id=\"question42_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question42_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tUrbanization and unionization of workers\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question42-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question42\" id=\"question42_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question42_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMove away from cash crops to local self-sufficiency\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question42-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question42\" id=\"question42_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question42_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA and B\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question42_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question42\" id=\"question42_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_42\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-10\" data-apid=\"10\" data-qpid=\"10\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-43 slide9 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>10.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>How did the Second World War influence European empires? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question43-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question43\" id=\"question43_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question43_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDecline of prestige after European defeats in the Far East\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question43-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question43\" id=\"question43_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question43_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDiscrediting of self-determination due to failures of League of Nations\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question43-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question43\" id=\"question43_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question43_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFirming up of Australian relationship with Britain\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question43-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question43\" id=\"question43_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question43_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDecreased emphasis on commodity trade to calm local opinion\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question43_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question43\" id=\"question43_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_43\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_question_list\" value=\"34Q35Q36Q37Q38Q39Q40Q41Q42Q43Q\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row quiz_section quiz_end empty_quiz_end qsm-d-none\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message_bottom\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" id=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"total_questions\" id=\"total_questions\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer\" id=\"timer\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer_ms\" id=\"timer_ms\" value=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"qmn_quiz_id\" name=\"qmn_quiz_id\" id=\"qmn_quiz_id\" value=\"5\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type='hidden' name='complete_quiz' value='confirmation' \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"qsm-popup qsm-popup-slide\" id=\"modal-4\" aria-hidden=\"false\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__overlay\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-micromodal-close=\"\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__container qmn_quiz_container\" role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__content\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-master-next\/assets\/clock.png\" alt=\"clock.png\"\/><p class=\"qsm-time-up-text\"> Time's up<\/p><\/div><footer class=\"qsm-popup__footer\"><button class=\"qsm-popup-secondary-button qmn_btn\" data-micromodal-close=\"\" aria-label=\"Close this dialog window\" onclick=\"location.reload();\">Cancel<\/button><\/footer><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-c052e65d wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-montserrat-font-family has-medium-font-size\" id=\"aioseo-exam-questions\">Exam Questions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-roboto-font-family\" id=\"aioseo-discussion-questions\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4;text-decoration:underline\"><strong>Discussion Questions&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">How were British relationships with India, Ireland, and the Dominions affected by the First World War?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Contrast the British and the French experience with imperial rule in the interwar period.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Why were empires seen as important to European states before 1939?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Arab nationalism in the early 20<sup>th<\/sup> century was focused entirely on opposition to the west.&nbsp; Discuss.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">What were some of the responses of colonized people to the post-1919 world order?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">To what extent were the principles of self-determination upheld by the League of Nations?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">How did Chinese politics influence events within Southeast Asian empires?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Was empire unsustainable after the events of 1940-1942?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">How did the Great Depression alter relationships between European states and their overseas empires?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:0\">What are some of the explanations for the rise of European empires in the late 19<sup>th<\/sup> century?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-roboto-font-family\" id=\"aioseo-exam-questions\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);line-height:1.4;text-decoration:underline\"><strong>Exam Questions<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">How did the experience of the First World War affect European empires?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">It was changing economic relationships, rather than new ideals of self-determination, that altered the relationship between European states and their empires in the 1920s and 1930s.&nbsp; Discuss.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">How did imperial reforms make imperial rule more difficult in the interwar period?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-c052e65d wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-montserrat-font-family has-medium-font-size\" id=\"aioseo-weblinks\">Weblinks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/mod\/1936westminster.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/mod\/1936westminster.asp<\/a> &#8211; text of Westminster Statute 1931&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/magazine\/archive\/1908\/10\/the-new-nationalist-movement-in-india\/304893\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/magazine\/archive\/1908\/10\/the-new-nationalist-movement-in-india\/304893\/<\/a> &#8211; text of 1908 article on Indian nationalism&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/mod\/1930hochiminh.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/mod\/1930hochiminh.asp<\/a> &#8211; text of Ho Chi Minh 1930 statement on programme for Communist Indochina&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\"><a href=\"http:\/\/filestore.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/pdfs\/small\/cab-24-182-CP-384.pdf%20-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/filestore.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/pdfs\/small\/cab-24-182-CP-384.pdf &#8211;<\/a> text of British Cabinet documents on imperial relations with Dominions 1926&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\"><a href=\"http:\/\/filestore.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/pdfs\/small\/cab-24-232-CP-298-3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/filestore.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/pdfs\/small\/cab-24-232-CP-298-3.pdf<\/a> &#8211; text of British Cabinet document on imperial preference 1932&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\"><a href=\"http:\/\/filestore.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/pdfs\/small\/cab-24-187-CP-187.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/filestore.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/pdfs\/small\/cab-24-187-CP-187.pdf<\/a> &#8211; 1927 memorandum on Indian constitutional reforms&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.difp.ie\/docs\/1919\/Declaration-of-independence\/1.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.difp.ie\/docs\/1919\/Declaration-of-independence\/1.htm<\/a> &#8211; Irish Declaration of Independence 1919&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mkgandhi.org\/selectedletters\/62viceroy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.mkgandhi.org\/selectedletters\/62viceroy.html<\/a> &#8211; Letter from Gandhi to Viceroy of India 1930&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.marxists.org\/reference\/archive\/ho-chi-minh\/works\/1923\/01\/19.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.marxists.org\/reference\/archive\/ho-chi-minh\/works\/1923\/01\/19.htm<\/a> &#8211; statement by Ho Chi Minh on the French colonial empire in 1922&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.marxists.org\/reference\/archive\/ho-chi-minh\/works\/1923\/03\/30.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.marxists.org\/reference\/archive\/ho-chi-minh\/works\/1923\/03\/30.htm<\/a> &#8211; statement on an uprising in the French colony of Dahomey in 1923&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-c052e65d wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-montserrat-font-family has-medium-font-size\" id=\"aioseo-bibliography\">Bibliography&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Gerwarth, Robert, &amp; Erez Manela, \u201cThe Great War as a Global War:&nbsp; Imperial Conflict and the Reconfiguration of World Order, 1911-1923,\u201d <em>Diplomatic History<\/em> 38:4 (2014) 786-800.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Gorman, Daniel, <em>The Emergence of International Society in the 1920s<\/em>, (Cambridge:&nbsp; Cambridge University Press, 2012).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Jacobs, Matthew F., \u201cWorld War I:&nbsp; A War (and Peace?) for the Middle East,\u201d <em>Diplomatic History<\/em> 38:4 (2014) 776-785.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Louro, Michele L., <em>Comrades against Imperialism:&nbsp; Nehru, India, and Interwar Internationalism<\/em> (Cambridge:&nbsp; Cambridge University Press, 2018).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Pedersen, <em>The Guardians:&nbsp; The League of Natins and the Crisis of Empire<\/em> (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Samuel, Annie Tracy, \u201cThe Open Door and U.S. Policy in Iraq between the World Wars,\u201d <em>Diplomatic History<\/em> 38:5 (2014) 926-952.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Stubbings, Matthew, \u201cFree Trade Empire to Commonwealth of Nations:&nbsp; India, Britain and Imperial Preference, 1903-1932\u201d, <em>International History Review<\/em> 41:2 (2019) 323-344.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Thomas, Martin, \u201cFrench Empire Elites and the Politics of Economic Obligation in the Interwar Years,\u201d <em>Historical Journal<\/em> 52:4 92009) 989-1016.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Thomas, Martin &amp; Andrew Thompson, \u201cEmpire and Globalisation:&nbsp; From \u2018High Imperialism\u2019 to Decolonisation,\u201d <em>International History Review<\/em> 36:1 (2014) 142-170.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">White, Nicholas J, J. M. Barwise, &amp; Shakila Yacob, \u201cEconomic Opportunity and Strategic Dilemma in Colonial Development:&nbsp; Britain, Japan and Malaya\u2019s Iron Ore, 1920s to 1950s,\u201d <em>International History Review<\/em> 42:2 (2020) 424-446.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:600;flex-basis:20%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6c531013 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex wp-container-1 is-position-sticky\"><div class=\"wp-block-aioseo-table-of-contents\"><ol><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-multiple-choice-questions\">Multiple Choice Questions<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-exam-questions\">Exam Questions<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-weblinks\">Weblinks<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-bibliography\">Bibliography<\/a><ol><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The rise of Japan to Great Power status was by no means the only challenge to European predominance, for the rise of nationalism more broadly in Asia, Africa and the Middle East brought about one of the most remarkable features of the twentieth century, the collapse of European colonial rule. The chapter begins by explaining [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":531,"menu_order":0,"template":"wp-custom-template-single-chapter-page","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[7],"class_list":["post-564","content","type-content","status-publish","hentry","tag-chapter-content"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/564","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/content"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/564\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":567,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/564\/revisions\/567"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/531"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=564"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=564"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}