{"id":591,"date":"2025-02-21T10:26:49","date_gmt":"2025-02-21T10:26:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/internationalhistory20c\/?post_type=content&#038;p=591"},"modified":"2025-02-21T10:26:50","modified_gmt":"2025-02-21T10:26:50","slug":"chapter-12-neutralism-development-and-the-rise-of-the-third-world-1945-2024","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/students\/chapter-12-neutralism-development-and-the-rise-of-the-third-world-1945-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 12: Neutralism, development and the rise of the Third World, 1945\u20132024"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#dae9e0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-12dd3699 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\" title=\"Home\">Home<\/a>\n<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u203a<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/students\/\" title=\"Students\">Students<\/a>\n<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u203a<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/students\/chapter-12-neutralism-development-and-the-rise-of-the-third-world-1945-2024\/\" title=\"Chapter 12: Neutralism, development and the rise of the Third World, 1945\u20132024\">Chapter 12: Neutralism, development and the rise of the Third World, 1945\u20132024<\/a>\n<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"alignwide wp-block-post-title has-large-font-size\">Chapter 12: Neutralism, development and the rise of the Third World, 1945\u20132024<\/h1>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Not all states opted to participate in the Cold War. In Europe a few small Western-oriented countries played only a minimal role in the diplomatic, military, economic and political evolution of the conflict. Outside of Europe many of the newly independent states that emerged from the process of decolonization believed that anti-imperialism and their own right to economic development were more significant issues. Accordingly, they held a number of international conferences and established a variety of institutions to advance their own distinct Third World agenda. Among the most significant was the Non-Aligned Movement. In the 1970s this grouping pushed for the establishment of a New International Economic Order, but in the face of Western resistance, deteriorating economic conditions and dissension within the Third World this goal was not achieved. Since then the Global South has focused on defending its interests in regard to climate change, which threatens not just its economic growth but also its environmental security, but in addition a new grouping has appeared in the shape of BRICS.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-columns-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:70%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-23d1e0e5 wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-montserrat-font-family has-medium-font-size\" id=\"aioseo-multiple-choice-questions\">Multiple Choice Questions<\/h3>\n\n\n<script>\n                            if (window.qmn_quiz_data === undefined) {\n                                    window.qmn_quiz_data = new Object();\n                            }\n                    <\/script><script>window.qmn_quiz_data[\"13\"] = {\"quiz_id\":\"13\",\"quiz_name\":\"Chapter 12\",\"disable_answer\":0,\"ajax_show_correct\":0,\"progress_bar\":0,\"contact_info_location\":\"0\",\"qpages\":{\"2\":{\"id\":\"2\",\"quizID\":\"13\",\"pagekey\":\"6wm191Mk\",\"hide_prevbtn\":\"0\"}},\"skip_validation_time_expire\":0,\"timer_limit_val\":\"0\",\"disable_scroll_next_previous_click\":0,\"disable_scroll_on_result\":0,\"disable_first_page\":\"0\",\"enable_result_after_timer_end\":0,\"enable_quick_result_mc\":0,\"end_quiz_if_wrong\":\"0\",\"form_disable_autofill\":0,\"disable_mathjax\":0,\"enable_quick_correct_answer_info\":\"0\",\"quick_result_correct_answer_text\":\"Correct! 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substitution industry to reduce dependence\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:93:\\\"Rapid development or &quot;take-off&quot; facilitated by entrepreneurs and foreign investment\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:2;a:3:{i:0;s:57:\\\"Fixing commodity export prices to allow rational planning\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:3;a:3:{i:0;s:57:\\\"Ending the Bretton Woods international financial 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theory?\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:16:\\\"placeholder_text\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"4\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:21:\\\"image,application\\\/pdf\\\";s:15:\\\"min_text_length\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"The use of import substitution industry to reduce dependence\",0,0],[\"Rapid development or &quot;take-off&quot; facilitated by entrepreneurs and foreign investment\",0,0],[\"Fixing commodity export prices to allow rational planning\",0,0],[\"Ending the Bretton Woods international financial 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value=\"9352f23e51\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_unique_key\" id=\"qsm_unique_key_13\" value=\"69fc9f8cf0507\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"mlw_top_of_quiz\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-1\" data-apid=\"1\" data-qpid=\"1\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-115 slide0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>1.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Which European states remained outside NATO and the Warsaw Pact during the Cold War? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question115-1 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for=\"question115_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAustria\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question115-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question115\" id=\"question115_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question115_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDenmark\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question115_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question115\" id=\"question115_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_115\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-2\" data-apid=\"2\" data-qpid=\"2\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-116 slide1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>2.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>In which state did neutrality or non-alignment predate the Cold War? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question116-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question116\" id=\"question116_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question116_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSweden\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question116-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question116\" id=\"question116_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question116_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAustria\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question116-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question116\" id=\"question116_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question116_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFinland\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question116-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question116\" id=\"question116_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question116_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tYugoslavia\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question116_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question116\" id=\"question116_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_116\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-3\" data-apid=\"3\" data-qpid=\"3\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-117 slide2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>3.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Which foreign policy initiatives did Indian not lead? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question117-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question117\" id=\"question117_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question117_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPeaceful co-existence with China\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question117-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question117\" id=\"question117_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question117_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDefense collaboration at the Baguio conference\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question117-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question117\" id=\"question117_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question117_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNon-aligned solidarity at the Bandung Conference\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question117-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question117\" id=\"question117_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question117_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAdvocacy of neutralization of Indochina in 1954\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question117_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question117\" id=\"question117_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_117\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-4\" data-apid=\"4\" data-qpid=\"4\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-118 slide3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>4.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Which of the following states was not present at the Bandung Conference in 1955? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question118-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question118\" id=\"question118_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question118_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIndia\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question118-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question118\" id=\"question118_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question118_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tEgypt\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question118-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question118\" id=\"question118_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question118_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tJapan\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question118-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question118\" id=\"question118_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question118_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSouth Africa\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question118_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question118\" id=\"question118_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_118\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-5\" data-apid=\"5\" data-qpid=\"5\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-119 slide4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>5.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>How did Soviet and American aid to the developing world differ in the 1950s? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question119-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question119\" id=\"question119_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question119_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAmerica could always outbid the Soviets in monetary amounts\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question119-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question119\" id=\"question119_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question119_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSoviets always demanded ideological backing in return for aid\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question119-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question119\" id=\"question119_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question119_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSoviets refused aid which would lead to industrial development of recipients\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question119-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question119\" id=\"question119_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question119_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAll of the above\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question119_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question119\" id=\"question119_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_119\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-6\" data-apid=\"6\" data-qpid=\"6\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-120 slide5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>6.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Why was the NAM increasingly divided from the early 1960s <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question120-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question120\" id=\"question120_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question120_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDivisions within African states undermined solidarity\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question120-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question120\" id=\"question120_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question120_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tProblematic nature of Indian leadership\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question120-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question120\" id=\"question120_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question120_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tShifting focus from anti-imperialism to Cold War issues\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question120-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question120\" id=\"question120_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question120_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAll of the above\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question120_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question120\" id=\"question120_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_120\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-7\" data-apid=\"7\" data-qpid=\"7\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-121 slide6 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>7.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Which of the following leaders were not associated with the NAM? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question121-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question121\" id=\"question121_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question121_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNasser of Egypt\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question121-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question121\" id=\"question121_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question121_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tJiang of Taiwan\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question121-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question121\" id=\"question121_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question121_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTito of Yugoslavia\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question121-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question121\" id=\"question121_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question121_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNehru of India\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question121_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question121\" id=\"question121_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_121\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-8\" data-apid=\"8\" data-qpid=\"8\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-122 slide7 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>8.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>What position in the NAM was most directly associated with Sukarno? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question122-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question122\" id=\"question122_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question122_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPeaceful co-existence\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question122-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question122\" id=\"question122_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question122_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tRejection of Chinese influence\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question122-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question122\" id=\"question122_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question122_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tStrident opposition to neo-colonialism\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question122-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question122\" id=\"question122_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question122_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAll of the above\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question122_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question122\" id=\"question122_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_122\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-9\" data-apid=\"9\" data-qpid=\"9\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-123 slide8 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>9.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>What was meant by &quot;modernization&quot; theory? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question123-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question123\" id=\"question123_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question123_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe use of import substitution industry to reduce dependence\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question123-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question123\" id=\"question123_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question123_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tRapid development or \"take-off\" facilitated by entrepreneurs and foreign investment\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question123-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question123\" id=\"question123_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question123_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFixing commodity export prices to allow rational planning\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question123-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question123\" id=\"question123_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question123_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tEnding the Bretton Woods international financial hegemony\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question123_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question123\" id=\"question123_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_123\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-10\" data-apid=\"10\" data-qpid=\"10\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-124 slide9 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>10.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Which groupings of states coalesced around the price of commodity exports? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question124-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question124\" id=\"question124_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question124_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe Cairo conference of the NAM\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question124-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question124\" id=\"question124_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question124_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tOPEC\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question124-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question124\" id=\"question124_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question124_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNIEO\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question124-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question124\" id=\"question124_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question124_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAll of the above\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question124_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question124\" id=\"question124_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_124\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_question_list\" value=\"115Q116Q117Q118Q119Q120Q121Q122Q123Q124Q\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row quiz_section quiz_end empty_quiz_end qsm-d-none\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message_bottom\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" id=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"total_questions\" id=\"total_questions\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer\" id=\"timer\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer_ms\" id=\"timer_ms\" value=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"qmn_quiz_id\" name=\"qmn_quiz_id\" id=\"qmn_quiz_id\" value=\"13\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type='hidden' name='complete_quiz' value='confirmation' \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"qsm-popup qsm-popup-slide\" id=\"modal-4\" aria-hidden=\"false\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__overlay\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-micromodal-close=\"\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__container qmn_quiz_container\" role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__content\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-master-next\/assets\/clock.png\" alt=\"clock.png\"\/><p class=\"qsm-time-up-text\"> Time's up<\/p><\/div><footer class=\"qsm-popup__footer\"><button class=\"qsm-popup-secondary-button qmn_btn\" data-micromodal-close=\"\" aria-label=\"Close this dialog window\" onclick=\"location.reload();\">Cancel<\/button><\/footer><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-c052e65d wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-montserrat-font-family has-medium-font-size\" id=\"aioseo-exam-questions\">Exam Questions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-roboto-font-family\" id=\"aioseo-discussion-questions\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4;text-decoration:underline\"><strong>Discussion Questions&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Contrast the experiences of Austria, Sweden, and Yugoslavia in maintaining neutrality in the Cold War.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">To what extent were European states successful in avoiding alignment with Soviet Union or NATO?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">How does non-alignment differ from neutrality?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Why is the concept of the \u201cThird World\u201d so contested?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">How did Nehru seek to position Indian foreign policy in the 1950s?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">What divisions emerged within the Non-Aligned Movement by the late 1950s?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">What were the goals of the Non-Aligned Movement?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">How did the Group of 77 attempt to revive the Non-Aligned Movement?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">What other international groupings advocated for the interests of developing states in the 1960s &amp; 1970s?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:0\">What were structural adjustment programmes and how did they fit into changing relationships between the global north and south from the 1980s?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-roboto-font-family\" id=\"aioseo-exam-questions\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);line-height:1.4;text-decoration:underline\"><strong>Exam Questions<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">To what extent did newly independent African and\/or Asian states reject the paradigm of the Cold War?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">How did neutralism in Europe differ from that of the developing world?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">The Non-Aligned Movement failed to alter dynamics of global politics.&nbsp; Discuss.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-c052e65d wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-montserrat-font-family has-medium-font-size\" id=\"aioseo-weblinks\">Weblinks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/mod\/1941nehru.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/mod\/1941nehru.asp<\/a> \u2013 text of Nehru statement on non-alignment 1941&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/mod\/1955sukarno-bandong.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/mod\/1955sukarno-bandong.asp<\/a> &#8211; text of Bandung Conference opening speech 1955&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/mod\/1955nehru-bandung2.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/mod\/1955nehru-bandung2.asp<\/a> &#8211; text of Nehru speech at Bandung Conference 1955&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-education.psu.edu\/geog128\/node\/719#:~:text=Using%20these%20ideas%2C%20Rostow%20penned,age%20of%20high%20mass%20consumption\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.e-education.psu.edu\/geog128\/node\/719#:~:text=Using%20these%20ideas%2C%20Rostow%20penned,age%20of%20high%20mass%20consumption<\/a>.&nbsp; &#8211; text excerpt &amp; discussion of Rostow\u2019s The Stage\u2019s of Economic Growth on development policy&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/conferences\/environment\/stockholm1972\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/conferences\/environment\/stockholm1972<\/a>&nbsp; \u2013 text of 1972 Stockholm Declaration on sustainable development&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\"><a href=\"http:\/\/digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org\/document\/112437\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org\/document\/112437<\/a> &#8211; statement by Zhou Enlai regarding upcoming visit to India and plans for regional peace 1954&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\"><a href=\"http:\/\/digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org\/document\/112893\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org\/document\/112893<\/a> &#8211; Chinese foreign ministry memorandum on Asian-African conference 1955&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\"><a href=\"http:\/\/digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org\/document\/112300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org\/document\/112300<\/a> &#8211; Soviet document on meeting with Indonesian foreign ministry regarding Africa-Asia conference 1958&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/population\/migration\/generalassembly\/docs\/globalcompact\/A_CONF.151_26_Vol.I_Declaration.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/population\/migration\/generalassembly\/docs\/globalcompact\/A_CONF.151_26_Vol.I_Declaration.pdf<\/a> \u2013 Rio Declaration on Environment and Sustainable Development 1992&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1981\/10\/16\/world\/reagan-bids-third-world-adopt-free-enterprise-to-battle-poverty.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1981\/10\/16\/world\/reagan-bids-third-world-adopt-free-enterprise-to-battle-poverty.html<\/a> &#8211; Reagan statement on role of free enterprise in Third World development 1981&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-c052e65d wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-montserrat-font-family has-medium-font-size\" id=\"aioseo-bibliography\">Bibliography&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Basosi, Duccio, \u201c\u2018Something that Apparently Troubles the Cubans Significantly\u2019:&nbsp; Jimmy Carter\u2019s Attempt to Pressure Cuba \u2018Out of Africa\u2019 through the Non-Aligned Movement, 1977-78\u201d, <em>Cold War History<\/em> (published online Dec. 2023).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Byrne, Jeffrey James, \u201cBeyond Continents, Colours, and the Cold War:&nbsp; Yugoslavia, Algeria, and the Struggle for Non-Alignment\u201d, <em>International History Review<\/em>, 37:5 (2015) 912-932.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Byrne, Jeffrey James, <em>Mecca of Revolution:&nbsp; Algeria, Decolonization, and the Third World Order<\/em> (New York:&nbsp; Oxford University Press, 2016).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Gerits, Frank, \u201cHungry Minds:&nbsp; Eisenhower\u2019s Cultural Assistance to Sub-Saharan Africa, 1953-1961\u201d, <em>Diplomatic History<\/em> 41:3 (2017) 594-619.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Gettig, Eric, \u201c\u2018Trouble Ahead in Afro-Asia\u2019:&nbsp; The United States, the Second Bandung Conference, and the Struggle for the Third World, 1964-1965\u201d, <em>Diplomatic History<\/em> 39:1 (2015) 126-156.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Kedar, Claudia, \u201cEconomic Neutrality during the Cold War:&nbsp; The World Bank, the United States, and Pinochet\u2019s Chile, 1973-1977\u201d, <em>Cold War History<\/em> 18:2 (2018) 149-167.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">O\u2019Malley, Alanna, \u201cGhana, India, and the Transitional Dynamics of the Congo Crisis at the United Nations, 1960-1\u201d, <em>International History Review<\/em> 37:5 (2015) 970-990.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Onslow, Sue, \u201cThe Commonwealth and the Cold War, Neutralism, and Non-Alignment\u201d, <em>International History Review<\/em> 37:5 (2015) 1059-1082.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Pettin\u00e0, Vanni, \u201cGlobal Horizons:&nbsp; Mexico, the Third World, and the Non-Aligned Movement at the Time of the 1961 Belgrade Conference\u201d, <em>International History Review<\/em> 38:4 (2016) 741-764.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);line-height:1.4\">Rakove, Robert B., \u201cThe Rise and Fall of Non-Aligned Mediation,1961-6\u201d, <em>International History Review<\/em> 37:5 (2015) 991-1013.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Williamson, Jeffrey G., <em>Trade and Poverty:&nbsp; When the Third World Fell Behind<\/em> (Cambridge, MIT Press, 2011).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:600;flex-basis:20%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6c531013 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex wp-container-1 is-position-sticky\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:600\"><div class=\"wp-block-aioseo-table-of-contents\"><ol><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-multiple-choice-questions\">Multiple Choice Questions<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-exam-questions\">Exam Questions<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-weblinks\">Weblinks<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-bibliography\">Bibliography<\/a><ol><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Not all states opted to participate in the Cold War. In Europe a few small Western-oriented countries played only a minimal role in the diplomatic, military, economic and political evolution of the conflict. Outside of Europe many of the newly independent states that emerged from the process of decolonization believed that anti-imperialism and their own [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":531,"menu_order":0,"template":"wp-custom-template-single-chapter-page","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[7],"class_list":["post-591","content","type-content","status-publish","hentry","tag-chapter-content"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/591","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/content"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/591\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":593,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/591\/revisions\/593"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/531"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}