This chapter first considers how sounds are processed by the early auditory system up to the primary and secondary auditory cortex. The hearing brain is concerned with extracting \u201cconstancy\u201d out of an infinitely varying array of sensory inputs and actively interprets the sensory input, using stored knowledge of sound structure (e.g., in speech). Similarly to vision, there is evidence of auditory-based ventral routes (involved in processing the meaning of sounds) and dorsal route (involved in locating sounds, and also linking to the motor system). The chapter also considers auditory perception for three different classes of stimuli: music, voices, and speech. Within each of these domains, there may be further specialization of processing. In the example of music perception, there is a broad distinction between pitch versus rhythm processing. <\/p>\n\n\n\n